Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA)
Activos
Activos por nacionalidad, sexo y situación profesional
Unidades: Miles Personas
,Total,,,,,,,,,,,,Española,,,,,,,,,,,,Doble nacionalidad,,,,,,,,,,,,Extranjera: Total,,,,,,,,,,,,Extranjera: Unión Europea,,,,,,,,,,,,Extranjera: Resto de Europa,,,,,,,,,,,,Extranjera: América Latina,,,,,,,,,,,,Extranjera: Resto del mundo y apátrida,,,,,,,,,,,,
,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,2023T4,2023T3,2023T2,2023T1,2022T4,2022T3,2022T2,2022T1,2021T4,2021T3,2021T2,2021T1,
        Ambos sexos,
            Total,24.077,4,24.121,23.819,2,23.580,5,23.487,8,23.525,9,23.387,4,23.259,4,23.288,8,23.447,7,23.215,5,22.860,7,19.291,8,19.388,1,19.294,3,19.177,3,19.184,5,19.269,2,19.207,6,19.125,9,19.251,6,19.351,3,19.143,7,18.899,1,1.125,4,1.144,5,1.080,7,1.013,1,998,5,1.030,4,988,6,991,5,942,3,971,5,929,8,896,9,3.660,3,3.588,4,3.444,2,3.390,2,3.304,8,3.226,3,3.191,2,3.142,3.094,9,3.124,9,3.142,3.064,8,1.023,5,985,8,951,4,966,7,955,1,966,9,912,5,987,7,915,7,894,1,950,985,289,9,250,4,235,5,253,1,235,6,237,2,223,6,200,8,208,3,224,8,225,6,236,5,1.452,1,1.475,8,1.384,2,1.321,6,1.313,4,1.238,4,1.168,8,1.149,4,1.137,3,1.182,7,1.198,5,1.128,4,894,8,876,5,873,848,8,800,6,783,8,886,2,804,2,833,7,823,4,767,9,714,9,
            Trabajador por cuenta propia,3.258,4,3.188,1,3.244,6,3.151,7,3.137,5,3.187,4,3.205,8,3.191,2,3.243,5,3.152,9,3.203,7,3.151,2.655,5,2.628,2,2.685,7,2.624,1,2.607,6,2.633,8,2.683,4,2.661,5,2.730,8,2.669,2,2.693,7,2.668,126,9,121,3,104,8,102,1,102,1,103,8,93,81,1,83,3,81,9,78,8,85,8,476,438,6,454,1,425,6,427,8,449,7,429,5,448,5,429,4,401,8,431,2,397,2,154,8,141,6,155,169,5,169,4,177,9,163,5,168,6,153,4,131,8,150,4,146,2,69,7,59,2,51,8,54,4,49,42,6,37,5,47,5,42,7,37,2,38,3,45,2,101,8,98,4,111,7,89,2,103,3,96,5,84,6,94,6,96,4,91,1,108,1,79,5,149,7,139,4,135,5,112,4,106,1,132,6,143,9,137,7,136,9,141,8,134,4,126,2,
            Asalariados,19.427,7,19.528,3,19.229,8,18.980,4,18.834,18.808,4,18.630,2,18.407,8,18.345,7,18.413,1,17.930,2,17.913,1,15.613,4,15.720,8,15.586,7,15.470,9,15.440,6,15.479,2,15.334,8,15.202,7,15.239,6,15.270,8,14.930,6,14.894,3,930,7,944,7,913,9,852,4,819,2,850,1,824,3,827,5,782,7,786,9,731,7,726,6,2.883,6,2.862,8,2.729,1,2.657,1,2.574,2,2.479,1,2.471,1,2.377,6,2.323,4,2.355,4,2.267,9,2.292,2,804,782,7,739,1,728,8,713,2,711,7,681,2,723,1,682,2,671,675,4,749,9,193,4,169,7,167,2,169,4,167,9,173,9,162,3,132,1,136,8,157,7,159,6,169,1.237,7,1.267,1,1.181,4,1.134,1.107,4,1.027,9,992,4,954,2,904,1,959,1,930,7,892,648,5,643,2,641,5,624,9,585,7,565,6,635,2,568,2,600,2,567,6,502,2,481,3,
            Otra situación ,11,4,16,1,12,5,7,6,9,2,24,14,5,16,5,19,2,18,2,18,4,30,2,3,6,7,8,6,1,4,6,5,9,14,2,8,8,6,10,2,9,4,11,4,14,4,0,6,0,8,1,0,3,0,5,1,7,0,2,0,0,7,0,9,2,7,2,7,5,5,4,2,7,2,9,8,1,6,4,5,9,8,9,8,1,6,1,13,8,2,3,3,4,2,1,0,6,0,7,2,3,2,6,4,8,1,1,3,5,4,0,7,1,6,1,0,9,0,0,1,3,0,0,0,2,0,2,2,7,4,2,2,5,0,8,0,7,1,2,6,3,2,1,2,1,4,1,4,9,0,4,4,5,..,..,1,7,..,1,1,1,1,0,7,1,2,0,1,9,1,9,2,6,
            Parados que han dejado su último empleo hace más de 1 año,1.076,1.055,1,1.039,7,1.125,9,1.184,2,1.143,6,1.225,3,1.324,3,1.364,9,1.508,6,1.679,9,1.439,9,805,4,788,6,791,7,860,3,906,1,869,5,954,1,1.006,6,1.033,8,1.125,3,1.226,5,1.084,6,50,2,63,1,53,49,3,62,3,59,1,56,7,69,5,67,7,88,4,101,2,69,8,220,4,203,4,195,216,3,215,8,215,214,5,248,3,263,5,294,9,352,1,285,5,54,1,48,6,47,3,56,5,61,5,70,2,62,8,83,9,69,9,81,6,103,3,76,3,18,7,17,6,12,1,16,1,14,5,17,8,20,3,15,9,24,26,5,24,8,14,5,84,9,76,6,72,1,73,7,79,2,70,5,62,1,75,4,103,8,103,5,128,5,123,3,62,7,60,6,63,5,70,1,60,6,56,5,69,3,73,65,8,83,4,95,5,71,4,
            Parados que buscan primer empleo,303,9,333,4,292,5,314,9,322,9,362,5,311,7,319,6,315,5,354,9,383,4,326,5,213,9,242,7,224,217,4,224,4,272,5,227,3,246,5,237,1,276,5,281,5,237,6,17,14,6,8,9,14,4,15,6,14,7,11,4,8,6,13,6,17,2,12,7,73,76,1,60,6,88,5,84,1,74,4,69,7,61,7,69,7,64,7,84,7,76,2,8,2,9,4,8,1,10,8,10,5,6,3,2,8,9,5,5,4,8,6,17,3,8,6,7,5,2,2,3,4,12,2,4,2,3,2,1,5,2,4,7,3,2,2,7,5,1,23,4,31,2,18,3,24,1,22,2,37,1,27,7,23,28,9,24,1,30,9,29,1,33,8,33,3,30,8,41,4,47,2,28,37,2,24,1,30,8,28,7,33,8,33,4,
        Hombres,
            Total,12.624,1,12.689,4,12.534,5,12.354,3,12.378,7,12.451,8,12.331,9,12.268,6,12.279,1,12.390,12.248,12.085,3,10.241,9,10.358,6,10.281,7,10.176,8,10.178,9,10.319,4,10.176,7,10.158,5,10.212,8,10.319,2,10.225,8,10.113,2,502,2,504,2,460,8,441,2,456,7,462,6,455,5,452,8,428,2,450,1,431,6,400,5,1.880,1.826,6,1.792,1,1.736,4,1.743,1,1.669,7,1.699,7,1.657,3,1.638,2,1.620,7,1.590,7,1.571,6,526,496,9,485,8,491,3,500,2,497,1,469,7,518,5,473,3,463,5,477,4,515,7,130,9,118,105,9,117,5,107,5,106,8,106,5,96,103,6,106,5,105,9,110,7,656,5,651,9,630,2,593,1,618,6,559,3,551,2,516,7,525,7,522,7,507,6,485,1,566,6,559,7,570,1,534,5,516,8,506,5,572,2,526,1,535,6,527,9,499,8,460,
            Trabajador por cuenta propia,2.071,2,2.047,4,2.083,7,2.031,2.022,2,2.054,2,2.081,1,2.063,1,2.120,1,2.057,4,2.097,1,2.090,6,1.716,8,1.710,1.743,2,1.710,9,1.691,5,1.730,1,1.754,9,1.739,1.803,2,1.762,8,1.784,6,1.780,4,71,64,1,58,5,60,63,6,59,2,57,2,48,8,51,1,49,8,50,4,53,7,283,5,273,3,282,1,260,1,267,1,264,9,269,1,275,2,265,8,244,8,262,256,4,93,6,86,2,97,7,104,7,106,4,110,1,101,6,110,9,96,8,80,8,98,4,95,8,41,6,35,3,29,2,34,3,28,4,23,5,21,6,29,5,25,1,24,9,24,5,26,5,62,4,65,4,68,7,49,7,68,1,53,1,53,2,54,2,62,8,52,2,57,6,50,1,86,86,3,86,5,71,4,64,1,78,1,92,7,80,7,81,2,86,9,81,5,84,1,
            Asalariados,9.944,5,10.026,4,9.862,1,9.719,2,9.708,9.747,1,9.603,2,9.495,2,9.447,1,9.509,9,9.253,8,9.243,7,8.058,4,8.174,2,8.078,9,8.005,4,7.985,2,8.081,3,7.897,9,7.858,1,7.840,2,7.911,9,7.770,9,7.755,5,405,6,413,386,365,5,363,3,374,1,374,376,4,352,5,357,4,334,7,314,1,1.480,5,1.439,3,1.397,2,1.348,3,1.359,4,1.291,8,1.331,4,1.260,7,1.254,4,1.240,6,1.148,2,1.174,1,413,8,387,7,365,8,365,2,371,3,365,1,350,2,377,4,354,8,349,1,330,6,387,2,80,8,72,2,69,1,73,7,70,7,75,3,77,3,61,7,67,7,73,7,73,9,75,8,544,1,547,1,522,5,497,8,512,4,460,5,465,4,422,1,412,3,427,3,389,7,379,1,441,8,432,3,439,8,411,6,405,390,8,438,5,399,5,419,5,390,5,353,9,331,9,
            Otra situación ,7,7,11,5,8,3,9,6,1,13,5,5,3,5,2,10,9,3,11,8,14,3,2,7,6,4,4,6,3,4,6,6,3,4,4,2,4,4,5,4,7,8,1,8,3,..,..,..,..,0,1,0,0,0,0,7,0,4,0,4,5,5,1,3,4,0,9,1,5,6,2,1,2,7,5,5,3,9,3,3,5,6,2,3,2,8,1,4,0,2,0,0,0,3,0,7,2,4,0,5,1,2,4,..,0,7,..,..,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,8,2,7,1,5,0,8,0,7,0,4,5,5,0,0,8,3,1,1,5,0,4,0,4,..,..,1,2,..,1,1,0,7,0,7,1,2,0,1,9,1,9,1,
            Parados que han dejado su último empleo hace más de 1 año,455,5,434,6,431,9,457,2,490,4,474,8,497,4,551,8,558,5,644,1,698,7,582,2,349,6,334,1,332,1,355,9,384,5,376,6,407,7,435,1,447,6,498,4,516,4,446,5,19,9,21,2,12,3,11,9,23,2,22,1,16,2,23,7,20,4,35,7,37,1,28,5,86,79,3,87,5,89,5,82,7,76,1,73,5,93,90,5,110,145,1,107,3,13,1,15,6,17,9,17,9,18,3,19,6,17,3,24,2,17,3,28,40,8,25,7,6,1,8,4,5,9,2,2,4,8,5,7,5,3,2,7,7,6,9,6,8,5,7,34,7,24,8,29,2,29,9,28,1,23,2,19,3,28,7,38,1,35,49,6,42,9,32,1,30,5,34,4,39,5,31,5,28,3,29,4,36,9,27,4,40,1,47,9,32,9,
            Parados que buscan primer empleo,145,1,169,5,148,8,143,152,162,2,144,8,153,4,143,4,169,3,186,7,154,5,114,4,133,9,122,8,101,6,113,125,2,111,9,123,8,117,3,141,4,145,7,122,5,5,7,5,9,4,3,8,6,5,6,2,8,1,3,9,4,2,6,5,8,9,3,8,25,29,7,21,9,37,6,32,5,30,8,24,8,25,7,22,21,3,32,28,2,3,1,4,5,3,1,3,3,4,2,2,3,0,4,5,3,2,5,1,6,5,4,6,2,5,1,5,1,7,7,3,3,6,3,0,2,1,7,3,1,0,9,0,7,0,9,12,7,13,1,8,9,14,9,9,6,16,9,13,3,10,9,9,5,6,6,10,3,12,7,6,7,10,6,8,2,12,1,15,2,8,6,10,8,7,8,7,4,8,6,14,5,10,1,
        Mujeres,
            Total,11.453,4,11.431,6,11.284,6,11.226,2,11.109,2,11.074,1,11.055,5,10.990,9,11.009,7,11.057,7,10.967,5,10.775,4,9.049,9,9.029,5,9.012,6,9.000,5,9.005,7,8.949,8,9.030,9,8.967,4,9.038,9,9.032,1,8.917,9,8.785,8,623,2,640,3,619,9,571,9,541,9,567,7,533,1,538,8,514,1,521,4,498,2,496,4,1.780,2,1.761,8,1.652,1,1.653,8,1.561,6,1.556,6,1.491,5,1.484,7,1.456,7,1.504,3,1.551,3,1.493,2,497,5,488,9,465,6,475,4,454,9,469,8,442,8,469,2,442,4,430,5,472,6,469,2,159,1,132,4,129,6,135,6,128,2,130,4,117,104,7,104,7,118,3,119,7,125,8,795,5,823,8,754,728,5,694,8,679,617,6,632,7,611,5,660,690,9,643,3,328,2,316,7,302,9,314,3,283,8,277,4,314,1,278,1,298,1,295,5,268,1,254,8,
            Trabajador por cuenta propia,1.187,1,1.140,7,1.160,9,1.120,7,1.115,3,1.133,2,1.124,7,1.128,1,1.123,4,1.095,5,1.106,6,1.060,3,938,7,918,2,942,5,913,2,916,2,903,7,928,5,922,5,927,7,906,4,909,1,887,6,55,9,57,2,46,4,42,1,38,5,44,6,35,8,32,4,32,2,32,1,28,4,32,192,5,165,4,172,165,5,160,7,184,8,160,4,173,3,163,5,157,169,1,140,7,61,2,55,4,57,3,64,8,62,9,67,9,61,9,57,7,56,6,51,52,50,4,28,1,24,22,7,20,2,20,6,19,15,9,18,1,17,7,12,3,13,8,18,7,39,4,32,9,43,39,4,35,2,43,4,31,4,40,4,33,6,38,8,50,5,29,4,63,8,53,1,49,41,1,41,9,54,5,51,2,57,55,7,55,52,9,42,1,
            Asalariados,9.483,1,9.501,9,9.367,7,9.261,2,9.126,9.061,3,9.027,8.912,6,8.898,6,8.903,2,8.676,4,8.669,4,7.555,7.546,6,7.507,9,7.465,5,7.455,3,7.397,9,7.436,9,7.344,6,7.399,4,7.358,9,7.159,7,7.138,8,525,1,531,8,527,9,486,9,455,9,476,1,450,3,451,1,430,2,429,5,397,412,5,1.403,1,1.423,5,1.331,9,1.308,8,1.214,8,1.187,3,1.139,7,1.116,9,1.069,1.114,8,1.119,7,1.118,1,390,2,395,373,3,363,7,341,9,346,6,331,345,7,327,4,321,9,344,8,362,7,112,6,97,5,98,1,95,7,97,2,98,5,85,70,5,69,1,84,85,6,93,2,693,6,720,658,8,636,2,595,567,3,527,532,1,491,8,531,8,541,512,9,206,7,210,9,201,7,213,3,180,7,174,8,196,7,168,7,180,6,177,1,148,3,149,4,
            Otra situación ,3,7,4,6,4,5,3,6,3,1,10,5,9,1,11,4,9,2,8,8,6,5,15,9,0,9,1,3,1,5,1,6,1,2,8,3,7,6,2,5,7,4,7,3,3,6,1,0,6,0,8,1,0,3,0,5,0,6,0,2,0,0,0,5,1,5,2,2,2,4,2,1,7,1,4,1,9,5,4,3,2,3,5,4,1,2,7,8,2,..,0,5,0,6,0,8,0,6,0,7,2,1,1,9,2,5,0,6,2,5,1,6,0,7,0,9,1,0,9,0,0,1,3,0,0,0,2,0,2,0,9,1,5,1,..,..,0,8,0,8,2,1,1,3,1,3,4,0,4,1,..,..,0,4,..,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,1,6,
            Parados que han dejado su último empleo hace más de 1 año,620,5,620,5,607,8,668,6,693,8,668,8,727,9,772,5,806,4,864,5,981,2,857,7,455,9,454,5,459,5,504,4,521,6,493,546,4,571,5,586,1,626,9,710,1,638,2,30,3,41,9,40,7,37,4,39,1,36,9,40,5,45,8,47,3,52,7,64,1,41,3,134,3,124,1,107,5,126,8,133,1,138,9,141,155,2,172,9,184,9,207,178,2,41,33,29,4,38,5,43,2,50,6,45,5,59,7,52,5,53,6,62,5,50,6,12,6,9,2,6,2,13,9,9,7,12,8,12,9,12,7,16,3,19,6,18,1,8,8,50,2,51,8,42,9,43,8,51,1,47,3,42,7,46,7,65,7,68,4,78,9,80,4,30,6,30,1,29,1,30,6,29,1,28,2,39,8,36,1,38,4,43,3,47,6,38,4,
            Parados que buscan primer empleo,158,8,163,9,143,8,171,9,171,200,3,166,9,166,2,172,1,185,6,196,7,172,1,99,5,108,8,101,2,115,8,111,4,147,3,115,4,122,7,119,9,135,1,135,8,115,1,11,3,8,7,4,5,2,7,9,9,4,6,6,7,5,4,4,7,1,8,3,9,48,46,4,38,6,50,9,51,7,43,6,44,9,36,47,7,43,4,52,7,48,5,1,4,9,5,7,5,6,3,4,1,2,3,4,2,3,4,3,5,10,8,4,5,0,7,1,6,5,0,6,0,1,9,3,5,1,6,2,3,2,4,2,10,8,18,1,9,3,9,1,12,7,20,2,14,3,12,1,19,4,17,5,20,6,16,5,27,1,22,7,22,7,29,3,32,1,19,4,26,4,16,3,23,3,20,1,19,3,23,3,
Notas:
'Ruptura de serie en la variable situación profesional en T1-2009. Para más información consultar <a href="/daco/daco42/daco4211/enlaces_epa.pdf">documento adjunto</a> 'Cambio preguntas situación profesional EPA-2009'
Las personas de doble nacionalidad son las que, además de la nacionalidad española, tienen otra nacionalidad (extranjera).
Los parados que han dejado su último empleo hace 12 meses o menos, se clasifican por la situación profesional correspondiente a dicho empleo.
Al igual que los activos de nacionalidad española, sólo se consideran a los de nacionalidad extranjera que habitan en viviendas familiares
Los datos de la Unión Europea incluyen (a excepción de España):

-Desde 1994 (UE-15) a Alemania, Austria, Bélgica, Dinamarca, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Holanda, Irlanda, Italia, Luxemburgo, Portugal, Reino Unido y Suecia.

-Desde el segundo trimestre de 2004 (UE-25), con la incorporación el día 1 de mayo de 2004 de diez nuevos países, a Chipre, Eslovenia, Estonia, Hungría, Letonia, Lituania, Malta, Polonia, República Checa y Eslovaquia.

-Desde el primer trimestre de 2007 (UE-27), con la incorporación el día 1 de enero de 2007, a Bulgaria y Rumania.

-Desde el tercer trimestre de 2013 (UE-28), con la incorporación el día 1 de julio, a Croacia.


En el primer trimestre de 2020, como consecuencia de la declaración del estado de alarma (Reales Decretos 463/2020 y 487/2020) motivado por la pandemia del COVID-19, el tamaño muestral de las primeras entrevistas de EPA en las semanas 11 a 13 ha sido inferior al de otros trimestres, por lo que los coeficientes de variación de las estimaciones más desagregadas pueden ser superiores a lo habitual.  Se recomienda consultar las tablas de INEbase relativas a dichos <a href="https://ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?padre=979&capsel=1002">coeficientes de variación.</a>
Desde el primer trimestre de 2020, la unión de los 27 (UE-27) tras la salida, el 31 de enero de 2020, de Reino Unido de la Unión Europea (hasta esa fecha UE-28)
Los datos de esta tabla han sido cargados el día 31 de mayo de 2021
Fuente: