Estadística Continua de Población National results Resident population by date, sex and age Unidades: Personas ,October 1st, 2024,July 1st, 2024,April 1st, 2024,January 1st, 2024,October 1st, 2023,July 1st, 2023,April 1st, 2023, All ages, Total,48.946.035,48.811.145,48.731.301,48.628.256,48.520.234,48.381.240,48.237.138, Males,23.995.107,23.923.478,23.878.071,23.824.372,23.773.823,23.706.987,23.637.569, Females,24.950.928,24.887.667,24.853.230,24.803.884,24.746.411,24.674.253,24.599.569, 0 years old, Total,322.392,319.906,323.568,324.490,323.587,322.758,327.012, Males,166.238,164.810,166.468,166.753,166.466,166.026,168.178, Females,156.154,155.096,157.100,157.737,157.121,156.732,158.834, 1 year old, Total,332.106,333.446,335.368,337.120,339.178,341.820,344.590, Males,170.769,171.524,172.584,173.523,174.673,176.061,177.613, Females,161.337,161.922,162.784,163.597,164.505,165.759,166.977, 2 years old, Total,343.464,346.772,349.343,350.947,351.640,351.578,350.297, Males,176.896,178.648,180.053,180.916,180.944,180.562,179.624, Females,166.568,168.124,169.290,170.031,170.696,171.016,170.673, 3 years old, Total,357.519,356.835,356.931,356.918,360.448,363.889,367.371, Males,184.004,183.283,183.002,182.641,184.648,186.584,188.568, Females,173.515,173.552,173.929,174.277,175.800,177.305,178.803, 4 years old, Total,365.882,369.569,374.108,377.812,381.207,384.424,387.808, Males,187.467,189.484,191.981,194.097,195.738,197.337,198.997, Females,178.415,180.085,182.127,183.715,185.469,187.087,188.811, 5 years old, Total,386.495,389.694,393.862,397.377,402.613,407.315,412.299, Males,198.447,200.075,202.087,203.800,206.732,209.402,212.115, Females,188.048,189.619,191.775,193.577,195.881,197.913,200.184, 6 years old, Total,407.975,412.885,418.893,424.095,428.045,431.514,435.498, Males,209.576,212.262,215.491,218.438,220.344,222.039,223.956, Females,198.399,200.623,203.402,205.657,207.701,209.475,211.542, 7 years old, Total,434.148,437.829,442.800,446.838,448.189,448.869,450.286, Males,223.481,225.281,227.757,229.753,230.378,230.736,231.475, Females,210.667,212.548,215.043,217.085,217.811,218.133,218.811, 8 years old, Total,454.708,455.750,457.967,459.200,459.563,459.300,459.702, Males,233.762,234.271,235.423,236.090,236.394,236.448,236.812, Females,220.946,221.479,222.544,223.110,223.169,222.852,222.890, 9 years old, Total,466.272,466.215,467.460,467.841,464.863,461.592,458.809, Males,239.802,239.957,240.777,241.158,239.514,237.734,236.235, Females,226.470,226.258,226.683,226.683,225.349,223.858,222.574, 10 years old, Total,471.410,468.214,466.385,463.565,468.341,472.612,477.452, Males,242.890,241.086,240.053,238.558,241.109,243.442,246.006, Females,228.520,227.128,226.332,225.007,227.232,229.170,231.446, 11 years old, Total,474.806,479.357,485.026,489.559,490.847,491.553,492.824, Males,244.478,246.896,249.941,252.401,253.029,253.318,253.926, Females,230.328,232.461,235.085,237.158,237.818,238.235,238.898, 12 years old, Total,497.765,498.563,500.631,501.530,502.653,503.220,504.356, Males,256.743,257.014,258.009,258.403,258.887,259.073,259.534, Females,241.022,241.549,242.622,243.127,243.766,244.147,244.822, 13 years old, Total,509.443,509.990,511.770,512.708,513.137,512.982,513.377, Males,262.574,262.706,263.471,263.864,264.257,264.306,264.689, Females,246.869,247.284,248.299,248.844,248.880,248.676,248.688, 14 years old, Total,519.790,519.579,520.851,520.883,524.988,528.497,532.609, Males,267.824,267.851,268.619,268.779,270.834,272.532,274.616, Females,251.966,251.728,252.232,252.104,254.154,255.965,257.993, 15 years old, Total,531.954,535.408,540.317,544.155,537.650,530.696,524.324, Males,274.635,276.401,278.782,280.576,277.153,273.498,270.128, Females,257.319,259.007,261.535,263.579,260.497,257.198,254.196, 16 years old, Total,545.138,538.220,532.457,525.759,523.565,521.004,518.783, Males,281.789,278.142,274.952,271.200,269.922,268.597,267.361, Females,263.349,260.078,257.505,254.559,253.643,252.407,251.422, 17 years old, Total,532.980,530.140,528.342,525.249,521.845,517.270,512.847, Males,276.304,274.640,273.518,271.578,269.450,266.966,264.568, Females,256.676,255.500,254.824,253.671,252.395,250.304,248.279, 18 years old, Total,535.428,530.484,527.399,522.969,519.808,516.644,514.538, Males,277.717,274.727,272.686,270.055,268.546,267.104,266.221, Females,257.711,255.757,254.713,252.914,251.262,249.540,248.317, 19 years old, Total,535.401,532.179,530.700,528.132,523.262,518.746,515.056, Males,276.817,275.202,274.422,273.148,270.403,267.812,265.598, Females,258.584,256.977,256.278,254.984,252.859,250.934,249.458, 20 years old, Total,537.569,533.227,529.983,525.714,519.083,512.508,506.184, Males,277.836,275.227,273.048,270.456,267.345,264.354,261.416, Females,259.733,258.000,256.935,255.258,251.738,248.154,244.768, 21 years old, Total,532.968,526.504,520.979,514.392,511.214,508.050,504.853, Males,274.867,271.627,268.839,265.640,263.899,262.206,260.430, Females,258.101,254.877,252.140,248.752,247.315,245.844,244.423, 22 years old, Total,525.575,522.503,520.633,517.562,515.330,513.623,511.887, Males,271.575,269.621,268.330,266.431,265.482,264.842,264.045, Females,254.000,252.882,252.303,251.131,249.848,248.781,247.842, 23 years old, Total,530.712,529.150,528.523,526.529,520.336,514.648,508.714, Males,273.503,272.726,272.320,271.297,267.823,264.534,261.037, Females,257.209,256.424,256.203,255.232,252.513,250.114,247.677, 24 years old, Total,537.158,531.286,526.098,520.170,513.811,507.290,500.664, Males,276.756,273.144,269.896,266.382,263.238,260.080,256.885, Females,260.402,258.142,256.202,253.788,250.573,247.210,243.779, 25 years old, Total,530.563,524.208,518.353,511.763,510.629,509.417,507.567, Males,272.400,269.130,266.149,262.769,261.664,260.642,259.303, Females,258.163,255.078,252.204,248.994,248.965,248.775,248.264, 26 years old, Total,527.614,526.431,525.617,524.282,519.787,515.061,509.723, Males,271.063,269.794,268.673,267.470,264.964,262.374,259.521, Females,256.551,256.637,256.944,256.812,254.823,252.687,250.202, 27 years old, Total,536.619,531.940,527.656,523.141,520.406,517.595,514.174, Males,274.102,271.347,268.752,266.076,264.808,263.447,261.744, Females,262.517,260.593,258.904,257.065,255.598,254.148,252.430, 28 years old, Total,536.725,534.041,531.758,528.923,527.085,525.042,522.236, Males,273.753,272.153,270.812,269.208,268.191,267.048,265.395, Females,262.972,261.888,260.946,259.715,258.894,257.994,256.841, 29 years old, Total,542.842,541.104,539.610,537.676,537.624,537.587,536.817, Males,276.862,275.564,274.478,273.268,273.060,272.897,272.386, Females,265.980,265.540,265.132,264.408,264.564,264.690,264.431, 30 years old, Total,553.075,552.931,553.287,552.990,553.293,553.313,552.270, Males,281.559,281.176,281.053,280.613,280.500,280.228,279.491, Females,271.516,271.755,272.234,272.377,272.793,273.085,272.779, 31 years old, Total,567.900,567.824,568.149,567.997,564.056,559.944,555.014, Males,288.527,288.127,287.812,287.321,285.407,283.370,280.924, Females,279.373,279.697,280.337,280.676,278.649,276.574,274.090, 32 years old, Total,577.886,573.518,569.779,565.482,564.186,562.545,559.897, Males,293.032,290.737,288.648,286.459,285.407,284.217,282.488, Females,284.854,282.781,281.131,279.023,278.779,278.328,277.409, 33 years old, Total,577.140,575.513,574.535,572.676,571.644,570.403,568.339, Males,292.559,291.256,290.204,288.765,287.892,286.897,285.482, Females,284.581,284.257,284.331,283.911,283.752,283.506,282.857, 34 years old, Total,584.295,583.189,582.521,581.020,580.395,579.496,577.900, Males,294.794,293.782,292.887,291.663,291.170,290.590,289.553, Females,289.501,289.407,289.634,289.357,289.225,288.906,288.347, 35 years old, Total,592.406,591.676,591.229,590.193,588.981,587.359,585.212, Males,297.765,297.129,296.532,295.735,294.926,294.001,292.700, Females,294.641,294.547,294.697,294.458,294.055,293.358,292.512, 36 years old, Total,600.472,598.919,598.002,596.511,596.763,596.804,596.397, Males,301.216,300.207,299.288,298.250,298.042,297.684,297.056, Females,299.256,298.712,298.714,298.261,298.721,299.120,299.341, 37 years old, Total,607.480,607.625,608.417,608.612,610.523,612.232,613.577, Males,303.911,303.542,303.311,302.906,303.870,304.797,305.527, Females,303.569,304.083,305.106,305.706,306.653,307.435,308.050, 38 years old, Total,620.343,622.129,624.648,626.269,629.567,632.235,634.537, Males,309.276,310.111,311.128,311.926,313.509,314.853,315.934, Females,311.067,312.018,313.520,314.343,316.058,317.382,318.603, 39 years old, Total,638.499,641.336,644.931,647.776,650.518,652.876,655.005, Males,318.303,319.545,320.960,322.368,324.016,325.247,326.469, Females,320.196,321.791,323.971,325.408,326.502,327.629,328.536, 40 years old, Total,658.622,661.292,664.561,667.208,673.960,680.203,686.247, Males,328.099,329.476,331.074,332.541,336.197,339.428,342.628, Females,330.523,331.816,333.487,334.667,337.763,340.775,343.619, 41 years old, Total,681.328,687.921,695.205,701.981,706.900,711.360,715.558, Males,339.919,343.361,347.059,350.605,353.394,355.857,358.244, Females,341.409,344.560,348.146,351.376,353.506,355.503,357.314, 42 years old, Total,713.667,718.332,723.745,728.644,735.286,741.310,747.185, Males,356.854,359.378,362.191,364.860,368.484,371.672,374.795, Females,356.813,358.954,361.554,363.784,366.802,369.638,372.390, 43 years old, Total,741.346,747.646,754.681,761.189,764.288,766.950,769.517, Males,371.379,374.672,378.259,381.657,383.321,384.755,386.185, Females,369.967,372.974,376.422,379.532,380.967,382.195,383.332, 44 years old, Total,769.797,772.556,776.000,779.189,785.869,791.972,797.918, Males,385.861,387.268,388.968,390.633,394.478,398.070,401.463, Females,383.936,385.288,387.032,388.556,391.391,393.902,396.455, 45 years old, Total,790.672,796.998,804.047,810.623,811.790,812.229,812.494, Males,396.489,400.083,403.963,407.751,408.926,409.655,410.233, Females,394.183,396.915,400.084,402.872,402.864,402.574,402.261, 46 years old, Total,816.156,816.982,818.346,819.244,821.319,822.896,824.125, Males,410.752,411.578,412.675,413.677,414.573,415.238,415.745, Females,405.404,405.404,405.671,405.567,406.746,407.658,408.380, 47 years old, Total,825.458,827.263,829.553,831.320,828.481,825.224,821.565, Males,416.308,417.020,418.004,418.733,417.687,416.414,414.945, Females,409.150,410.243,411.549,412.587,410.794,408.810,406.620, 48 years old, Total,832.156,828.898,826.234,823.165,820.614,817.622,814.229, Males,419.071,417.757,416.758,415.577,414.158,412.482,410.624, Females,413.085,411.141,409.476,407.588,406.456,405.140,403.605, 49 years old, Total,823.570,820.730,818.340,815.448,809.338,802.728,795.791, Males,415.069,413.453,411.996,410.345,407.494,404.282,400.926, Females,408.501,407.277,406.344,405.103,401.844,398.446,394.865, 50 years old, Total,812.094,805.628,799.571,793.325,791.472,789.323,786.844, Males,408.293,405.044,402.032,399.046,398.139,397.012,395.763, Females,403.801,400.584,397.539,394.279,393.333,392.311,391.081, 51 years old, Total,793.798,791.867,790.189,788.394,784.293,779.673,774.804, Males,398.609,397.547,396.603,395.684,393.670,391.264,388.789, Females,395.189,394.320,393.586,392.710,390.623,388.409,386.015, 52 years old, Total,786.193,781.802,777.692,773.422,769.962,766.359,762.278, Males,393.894,391.540,389.414,387.285,385.530,383.652,381.566, Females,392.299,390.262,388.278,386.137,384.432,382.707,380.712, 53 years old, Total,771.684,768.062,764.750,761.389,758.270,755.017,751.452, Males,385.657,383.768,382.084,380.386,378.646,376.805,374.946, Females,386.027,384.294,382.666,381.003,379.624,378.212,376.506, 54 years old, Total,759.507,756.249,753.249,750.243,747.983,745.380,742.486, Males,378.619,376.764,375.071,373.441,372.126,370.642,369.082, Females,380.888,379.485,378.178,376.802,375.857,374.738,373.404, 55 years old, Total,748.738,746.197,743.925,741.681,742.123,742.379,742.409, Males,371.768,370.310,369.001,367.690,367.809,367.745,367.614, Females,376.970,375.887,374.924,373.991,374.314,374.634,374.795, 56 years old, Total,742.386,742.611,743.104,743.707,738.618,733.315,727.619, Males,367.189,367.090,367.131,367.277,364.889,362.378,359.703, Females,375.197,375.521,375.973,376.430,373.729,370.937,367.916, 57 years old, Total,738.385,733.110,728.030,722.985,721.087,719.045,716.558, Males,363.997,361.389,358.949,356.619,355.493,354.228,352.725, Females,374.388,371.721,369.081,366.366,365.594,364.817,363.833, 58 years old, Total,720.532,718.450,716.550,714.696,716.510,718.240,719.639, Males,354.270,352.939,351.728,350.637,351.588,352.398,353.096, Females,366.262,365.511,364.822,364.059,364.922,365.842,366.543, 59 years old, Total,715.422,717.130,718.959,720.877,711.837,702.493,692.946, Males,350.109,350.904,351.806,352.774,348.452,343.996,339.431, Females,365.313,366.226,367.153,368.103,363.385,358.497,353.515, 60 years old, Total,710.407,701.194,692.097,683.068,677.075,670.992,664.556, Males,346.934,342.500,338.129,333.876,330.735,327.566,324.248, Females,363.473,358.694,353.968,349.192,346.340,343.426,340.308, 61 years old, Total,675.426,669.445,663.457,657.528,653.462,649.215,644.674, Males,329.103,325.906,322.703,319.607,317.652,315.607,313.348, Females,346.323,343.539,340.754,337.921,335.810,333.608,331.326, 62 years old, Total,651.410,647.115,643.023,638.994,639.353,639.531,639.450, Males,315.763,313.603,311.515,309.576,309.780,309.867,309.809, Females,335.647,333.512,331.508,329.418,329.573,329.664,329.641, 63 years old, Total,636.774,636.787,637.192,637.620,633.224,628.581,623.760, Males,307.583,307.586,307.784,307.967,305.945,303.798,301.554, Females,329.191,329.201,329.408,329.653,327.279,324.783,322.206, 64 years old, Total,630.199,625.539,621.177,616.578,613.083,609.302,605.238, Males,303.513,301.315,299.264,297.160,295.430,293.541,291.513, Females,326.686,324.224,321.913,319.418,317.653,315.761,313.725, 65 years old, Total,610.186,606.292,602.642,599.095,595.287,591.374,587.269, Males,292.904,290.941,289.032,287.281,285.403,283.474,281.390, Females,317.282,315.351,313.610,311.814,309.884,307.900,305.879, 66 years old, Total,592.245,588.191,584.488,580.799,570.835,560.699,550.422, Males,282.864,280.806,278.914,277.043,272.306,267.470,262.520, Females,309.381,307.385,305.574,303.756,298.529,293.229,287.902, 67 years old, Total,567.178,557.131,547.190,537.223,533.591,529.901,525.932, Males,269.506,264.656,259.879,255.125,253.386,251.639,249.758, Females,297.672,292.475,287.311,282.098,280.205,278.262,276.174, 68 years old, Total,529.523,525.757,522.086,518.530,512.773,506.878,500.644, Males,250.354,248.506,246.709,245.038,242.190,239.260,236.169, Females,279.169,277.251,275.377,273.492,270.583,267.618,264.475, 69 years old, Total,508.059,502.223,496.288,490.653,490.948,491.094,490.991, Males,238.793,235.841,232.804,229.993,230.506,230.931,231.246, Females,269.266,266.382,263.484,260.660,260.442,260.163,259.745, 70 years old, Total,485.982,486.003,486.192,486.631,486.123,485.496,484.779, Males,226.990,227.246,227.641,228.172,228.166,228.135,228.049, Females,258.992,258.757,258.551,258.459,257.957,257.361,256.730, 71 years old, Total,480.509,479.794,479.228,478.949,471.958,464.719,457.376, Males,224.247,224.093,223.993,224.134,220.702,217.141,213.501, Females,256.262,255.701,255.235,254.815,251.256,247.578,243.875, 72 years old, Total,465.829,458.573,451.526,444.733,442.103,439.214,436.361, Males,216.482,212.861,209.338,206.030,204.793,203.420,202.074, Females,249.347,245.712,242.188,238.703,237.310,235.794,234.287, 73 years old, Total,435.676,432.937,430.257,427.805,432.046,436.121,440.330, Males,200.375,199.058,197.765,196.636,198.399,200.081,201.859, Females,235.301,233.879,232.492,231.169,233.647,236.040,238.471, 74 years old, Total,425.225,429.105,433.185,437.755,442.782,447.708,452.677, Males,193.782,195.331,196.976,198.928,201.284,203.581,205.941, Females,231.443,233.774,236.209,238.827,241.498,244.127,246.736, 75 years old, Total,434.650,439.385,444.411,449.722,440.538,431.033,421.359, Males,195.942,198.045,200.347,202.869,198.869,194.625,190.323, Females,238.708,241.340,244.064,246.853,241.669,236.408,231.036, 76 years old, Total,431.557,422.089,412.686,403.612,399.599,395.282,390.933, Males,192.963,188.723,184.527,180.544,178.670,176.610,174.514, Females,238.594,233.366,228.159,223.068,220.929,218.672,216.419, 77 years old, Total,390.554,386.091,381.763,377.870,382.285,386.353,390.452, Males,172.862,170.686,168.644,166.850,168.787,170.583,172.406, Females,217.692,215.405,213.119,211.020,213.498,215.770,218.046, 78 years old, Total,372.535,376.309,380.363,384.946,380.653,376.021,371.276, Males,162.660,164.270,166.024,168.126,166.379,164.453,162.432, Females,209.875,212.039,214.339,216.820,214.274,211.568,208.844, 79 years old, Total,369.797,365.145,360.550,356.443,355.428,354.036,352.715, Males,159.667,157.666,155.726,154.113,153.786,153.141,152.567, Females,210.130,207.479,204.824,202.330,201.642,200.895,200.148, 80 years old, Total,344.013,342.512,341.222,340.465,329.345,317.640,305.734, Males,146.771,146.098,145.577,145.317,140.807,135.963,130.984, Females,197.242,196.414,195.645,195.148,188.538,181.677,174.750, 81 years old, Total,317.224,305.914,294.591,283.650,278.554,273.012,267.573, Males,133.622,128.987,124.327,119.875,117.793,115.402,113.082, Females,183.602,176.927,170.264,163.775,160.761,157.610,154.491, 82 years old, Total,267.082,261.760,256.554,251.647,265.364,279.150,293.261, Males,111.151,108.907,106.719,104.676,110.026,115.391,121.025, Females,155.931,152.853,149.835,146.971,155.338,163.759,172.236, 83 years old, Total,253.117,266.027,279.584,294.164,270.220,245.196,219.680, Males,103.204,108.120,113.337,119.107,109.252,98.815,88.074, Females,149.913,157.907,166.247,175.057,160.968,146.381,131.606, 84 years old, Total,256.024,232.256,208.156,183.873,189.920,195.865,202.072, Males,101.656,91.873,81.888,71.790,74.251,76.617,79.132, Females,154.368,140.383,126.268,112.083,115.669,119.248,122.940, 85 years old, Total,178.471,183.905,189.680,196.274,202.085,207.680,213.588, Males,68.306,70.411,72.708,75.383,77.579,79.650,81.818, Females,110.165,113.494,116.972,120.891,124.506,128.030,131.770, 86 years old, Total,188.111,193.183,198.602,205.136,209.536,213.789,218.169, Males,70.532,72.373,74.345,76.852,78.276,79.582,80.939, Females,117.579,120.810,124.257,128.284,131.260,134.207,137.230, 87 years old, Total,193.142,196.865,201.062,206.310,204.819,202.903,201.013, Males,70.393,71.421,72.716,74.451,74.178,73.676,73.235, Females,122.749,125.444,128.346,131.859,130.641,129.227,127.778, 88 years old, Total,186.726,184.686,182.951,182.167,181.555,180.412,179.472, Males,65.697,65.124,64.723,64.668,64.462,63.961,63.518, Females,121.029,119.562,118.228,117.499,117.093,116.451,115.954, 89 years old, Total,163.242,161.929,160.961,161.080,161.301,161.090,160.995, Males,56.260,55.654,55.261,55.241,55.295,55.117,55.017, Females,106.982,106.275,105.700,105.839,106.006,105.973,105.978, 90 years old, Total,142.734,142.282,142.113,143.142,142.704,141.716,140.776, Males,47.324,47.019,46.871,47.180,47.162,46.821,46.551, Females,95.410,95.263,95.242,95.962,95.542,94.895,94.225, 91 years old, Total,124.074,122.958,122.211,122.436,120.548,117.972,115.380, Males,39.422,39.034,38.857,38.966,38.505,37.762,37.022, Females,84.652,83.924,83.354,83.470,82.043,80.210,78.358, 92 years old, Total,102.822,100.562,98.440,96.982,96.686,95.955,95.248, Males,31.487,30.885,30.306,29.928,29.693,29.325,28.949, Females,71.335,69.677,68.134,67.054,66.993,66.630,66.299, 93 years old, Total,80.779,80.188,79.705,79.900,78.546,76.566,74.559, Males,23.690,23.340,23.014,22.905,22.651,22.129,21.587, Females,57.089,56.848,56.691,56.995,55.895,54.437,52.972, 94 years old, Total,64.289,62.584,60.977,59.800,59.614,58.756,57.980, Males,17.510,17.101,16.693,16.404,16.448,16.222,16.032, Females,46.779,45.483,44.284,43.396,43.166,42.534,41.948, 95 years old, Total,47.564,46.917,46.304,46.277,45.521,44.110,42.664, Males,12.371,12.237,12.091,12.118,11.993,11.597,11.220, Females,35.193,34.680,34.213,34.159,33.528,32.513,31.444, 96 years old, Total,35.531,34.424,33.293,32.492,32.416,31.880,31.358, Males,8.765,8.500,8.197,7.987,8.057,7.939,7.781, Females,26.766,25.924,25.096,24.505,24.359,23.941,23.577, 97 years old, Total,24.636,24.219,23.867,23.807,23.554,22.964,22.326, Males,5.719,5.610,5.513,5.514,5.508,5.392,5.225, Females,18.917,18.609,18.354,18.293,18.046,17.572,17.101, 98 years old, Total,17.490,17.080,16.661,16.417,16.272,15.943,15.599, Males,3.856,3.772,3.672,3.603,3.608,3.571,3.553, Females,13.634,13.308,12.989,12.814,12.664,12.372,12.046, 99 years old, Total,11.867,11.629,11.379,11.227,11.192,10.977,10.738, Males,2.533,2.496,2.451,2.417,2.438,2.400,2.374, Females,9.334,9.133,8.928,8.810,8.754,8.577,8.364, 100 years or more, Total,18.948,18.347,17.570,16.901,16.676,16.085,15.290, Males,3.473,3.331,3.129,2.970,2.985,2.874,2.721, Females,15.475,15.016,14.441,13.931,13.691,13.211,12.569, Notas: Fuente: