Leading Indicators;Centre type;Total Intramural R&D research staff by degree (HC): Total;Public universities;114,314 Intramural R&D research staff by degree (HC): Total;Private universities;15,070 Intramural R&D research staff by degree (HC): Total;Other centres of higher education;4,076 Intramural R&D research staff by degree (HC): Total;Total;133,460 By qualification (HC): University PhD;Public universities;77,494 By qualification (HC): University PhD;Private universities;9,196 By qualification (HC): University PhD;Other centres of higher education;1,969 By qualification (HC): University PhD;Total;88,659 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Public universities;28,695 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Private universities;5,310 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;1,439 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Total;35,444 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Public universities;7,605 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Private universities;367 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;473 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Total;8,445 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Public universities;205 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Private universities;5 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;21 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Total;231 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Public universities;143 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Private universities;129 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Other centres of higher education;162 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Total;434 By qualification (HC): Other studies;Public universities;172 By qualification (HC): Other studies;Private universities;63 By qualification (HC): Other studies;Other centres of higher education;12 By qualification (HC): Other studies;Total;247 By qualification (HC). Women: Total;Public universities;49,560 By qualification (HC). Women: Total;Private universities;7,146 By qualification (HC). Women: Total;Other centres of higher education;1,741 By qualification (HC). Women: Total;Total;58,447 By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD;Public universities;32,263 By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD;Private universities;4,438 By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD;Other centres of higher education;706 By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD;Total;37,407 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Public universities;13,307 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Private universities;2,481 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;678 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Total;16,466 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Public universities;3,759 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Private universities;157 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;290 By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Total;4,206 By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Public universities;86 By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Private universities;3 By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;14 By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Total;103 By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Public universities;52 By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Private universities;42 By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Other centres of higher education;47 By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Total;141 By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies;Public universities;93 By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies;Private universities;25 By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies;Other centres of higher education;6 By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies;Total;124 By qualification (FTE): Total;Public universities;59,297.7 By qualification (FTE): Total;Private universities;5,675.3 By qualification (FTE): Total;Other centres of higher education;2,238.8 By qualification (FTE): Total;Total;67,211.8 By qualification (FTE): University PhD;Public universities;39,058.4 By qualification (FTE): University PhD;Private universities;3,768.1 By qualification (FTE): University PhD;Other centres of higher education;1,078.8 By qualification (FTE): University PhD;Total;43,905.3 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Public universities;15,953.4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Private universities;1,685.7 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;913.1 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents;Total;18,552.2 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Public universities;4,015.0 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Private universities;122.2 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;164.8 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents;Total;4,302.0 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Public universities;116.8 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Private universities;3.8 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Other centres of higher education;14.6 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents;Total;135.2 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Public universities;66.5 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Private universities;87.7 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Other centres of higher education;65.0 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar;Total;219.2 By qualification (FTE): Other studies;Public universities;87.6 By qualification (FTE): Other studies;Private universities;7.8 By qualification (FTE): Other studies;Other centres of higher education;2.5 By qualification (FTE): Other studies;Total;97.9 By age (HC): Total;Public universities;114,314 By age (HC): Total;Private universities;15,070 By age (HC): Total;Other centres of higher education;4,076 By age (HC): Total;Total;133,460 By age (HC): Under 25 years old;Public universities;2,585 By age (HC): Under 25 years old;Private universities;451 By age (HC): Under 25 years old;Other centres of higher education;488 By age (HC): Under 25 years old;Total;3,524 By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old;Public universities;19,500 By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old;Private universities;2,765 By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old;Other centres of higher education;1,484 By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old;Total;23,749 By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old;Public universities;24,084 By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old;Private universities;4,900 By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old;Other centres of higher education;982 By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old;Total;29,966 By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old;Public universities;32,900 By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old;Private universities;4,334 By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old;Other centres of higher education;698 By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old;Total;37,932 By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old;Public universities;28,414 By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old;Private universities;2,354 By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old;Other centres of higher education;352 By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old;Total;31,120 By age (HC): 65 years or more;Public universities;6,831 By age (HC): 65 years or more;Private universities;266 By age (HC): 65 years or more;Other centres of higher education;72 By age (HC): 65 years or more;Total;7,169 By age (HC). Women: Total;Public universities;49,560 By age (HC). Women: Total;Private universities;7,146 By age (HC). Women: Total;Other centres of higher education;1,741 By age (HC). Women: Total;Total;58,447 By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old;Public universities;1,096 By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old;Private universities;185 By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old;Other centres of higher education;237 By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old;Total;1,518 By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old;Public universities;9,578 By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old;Private universities;1,540 By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old;Other centres of higher education;701 By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old;Total;11,819 By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old;Public universities;11,848 By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old;Private universities;2,453 By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old;Other centres of higher education;422 By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old;Total;14,723 By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old;Public universities;14,693 By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old;Private universities;2,019 By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old;Other centres of higher education;271 By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old;Total;16,983 By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old;Public universities;10,622 By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old;Private universities;891 By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old;Other centres of higher education;94 By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old;Total;11,607 By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more;Public universities;1,723 By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more;Private universities;58 By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more;Other centres of higher education;16 By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more;Total;1,797 By nationality (HC): Total;Public universities;114,314 By nationality (HC): Total;Private universities;15,070 By nationality (HC): Total;Other centres of higher education;4,076 By nationality (HC): Total;Total;133,460 By nationality (HC): Spain;Public universities;108,363 By nationality (HC): Spain;Private universities;13,859 By nationality (HC): Spain;Other centres of higher education;3,142 By nationality (HC): Spain;Total;125,364 By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*;Public universities;2,934 By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*;Private universities;653 By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*;Other centres of higher education;460 By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*;Total;4,047 By nationality (HC): Other European countries;Public universities;342 By nationality (HC): Other European countries;Private universities;71 By nationality (HC): Other European countries;Other centres of higher education;64 By nationality (HC): Other European countries;Total;477 By nationality (HC): North America;Public universities;276 By nationality (HC): North America;Private universities;100 By nationality (HC): North America;Other centres of higher education;38 By nationality (HC): North America;Total;414 By nationality (HC): Central America;Public universities;369 By nationality (HC): Central America;Private universities;74 By nationality (HC): Central America;Other centres of higher education;40 By nationality (HC): Central America;Total;483 By nationality (HC): South America;Public universities;1,144 By nationality (HC): South America;Private universities;191 By nationality (HC): South America;Other centres of higher education;118 By nationality (HC): South America;Total;1,453 By nationality (HC): Asia;Public universities;622 By nationality (HC): Asia;Private universities;91 By nationality (HC): Asia;Other centres of higher education;185 By nationality (HC): Asia;Total;898 By nationality (HC): Africa;Public universities;247 By nationality (HC): Africa;Private universities;28 By nationality (HC): Africa;Other centres of higher education;23 By nationality (HC): Africa;Total;298 By nationality (HC): Oceania;Public universities;17 By nationality (HC): Oceania;Private universities;3 By nationality (HC): Oceania;Other centres of higher education;6 By nationality (HC): Oceania;Total;26 By nationality (HC): Women: Total;Public universities;49,560 By nationality (HC): Women: Total;Private universities;7,146 By nationality (HC): Women: Total;Other centres of higher education;1,741 By nationality (HC): Women: Total;Total;58,447 By nationality (HC): Women: Spain;Public universities;46,838 By nationality (HC): Women: Spain;Private universities;6,576 By nationality (HC): Women: Spain;Other centres of higher education;1,368 By nationality (HC): Women: Spain;Total;54,782 By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*;Public universities;1,358 By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*;Private universities;302 By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*;Other centres of higher education;168 By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*;Total;1,828 By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries;Public universities;186 By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries;Private universities;32 By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries;Other centres of higher education;29 By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries;Total;247 By nationality (HC): Women: North America;Public universities;110 By nationality (HC): Women: North America;Private universities;50 By nationality (HC): Women: North America;Other centres of higher education;19 By nationality (HC): Women: North America;Total;179 By nationality (HC): Women: Central America;Public universities;182 By nationality (HC): Women: Central America;Private universities;38 By nationality (HC): Women: Central America;Other centres of higher education;24 By nationality (HC): Women: Central America;Total;244 By nationality (HC): Women: South America;Public universities;518 By nationality (HC): Women: South America;Private universities;94 By nationality (HC): Women: South America;Other centres of higher education;50 By nationality (HC): Women: South America;Total;662 By nationality (HC): Women: Asia;Public universities;275 By nationality (HC): Women: Asia;Private universities;44 By nationality (HC): Women: Asia;Other centres of higher education;75 By nationality (HC): Women: Asia;Total;394 By nationality (HC): Women: Africa;Public universities;87 By nationality (HC): Women: Africa;Private universities;10 By nationality (HC): Women: Africa;Other centres of higher education;7 By nationality (HC): Women: Africa;Total;104 By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania;Public universities;6 By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania;Private universities;0 By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania;Other centres of higher education;1 By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania;Total;7 By scientific discipline (HC): Total;Public universities;114,314 By scientific discipline (HC): Total;Private universities;15,070 By scientific discipline (HC): Total;Other centres of higher education;4,076 By scientific discipline (HC): Total;Total;133,460 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences;Public universities;20,810 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences;Private universities;1,388 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences;Other centres of higher education;1,057 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences;Total;23,255 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology;Public universities;22,782 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology;Private universities;2,087 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology;Other centres of higher education;709 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology;Total;25,578 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences;Public universities;20,484 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences;Private universities;3,473 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences;Other centres of higher education;430 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences;Total;24,387 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Public universities;3,593 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Private universities;213 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Other centres of higher education;191 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Total;3,997 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences;Public universities;30,908 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences;Private universities;6,209 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences;Other centres of higher education;1,206 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences;Total;38,323 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts;Public universities;15,737 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts;Private universities;1,700 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts;Other centres of higher education;483 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts;Total;17,920 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total;Public universities;49,560 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total;Private universities;7,146 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total;Other centres of higher education;1,741 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total;Total;58,447 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences;Public universities;8,467 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences;Private universities;570 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences;Other centres of higher education;376 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences;Total;9,413 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology;Public universities;6,179 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology;Private universities;612 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology;Other centres of higher education;232 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology;Total;7,023 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences;Public universities;10,685 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences;Private universities;1,886 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences;Other centres of higher education;274 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences;Total;12,845 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Public universities;1,637 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Private universities;123 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Other centres of higher education;101 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences;Total;1,861 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences;Public universities;14,817 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences;Private universities;3,084 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences;Other centres of higher education;493 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences;Total;18,394 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts;Public universities;7,775 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts;Private universities;871 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts;Other centres of higher education;265 By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts;Total;8,911 By category (HC): Total;Public universities;114,314 By category (HC): Total;Private universities;15,070 By category (HC): Total;Other centres of higher education;4,032 By category (HC): Total;Total;133,416 By category (HC): University professors;Public universities;12,232 By category (HC): University professors;Private universities;615 By category (HC): University professors;Other centres of higher education;152 By category (HC): University professors;Total;12,999 By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Public universities;42,230 By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Private universities;5,165 By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Other centres of higher education;1,435 By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Total;48,830 By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Public universities;22,058 By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Private universities;6,476 By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Other centres of higher education;1,126 By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Total;29,660 By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Public universities;37,794 By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Private universities;2,814 By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Other centres of higher education;1,319 By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Total;41,927 By category (HC). Women: Total;Public universities;49,560 By category (HC). Women: Total;Private universities;7,146 By category (HC). Women: Total;Other centres of higher education;1,627 By category (HC). Women: Total;Total;58,333 By category (HC). Women: University professors;Public universities;3,065 By category (HC). Women: University professors;Private universities;189 By category (HC). Women: University professors;Other centres of higher education;24 By category (HC). Women: University professors;Total;3,278 By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Public universities;18,681 By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Private universities;2,518 By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Other centres of higher education;479 By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ramón y Cajal Doctors and Researchers;Total;21,678 By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Public universities;10,296 By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Private universities;3,025 By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Other centres of higher education;478 By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers;Total;13,799 By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Public universities;17,518 By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Private universities;1,414 By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Other centres of higher education;646 By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants;Total;19,578