Leading Indicators	Centre type	Total
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total	Public universities	144,002
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total	Private universities	16,617
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total	Other centres of higher education	5,110
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total	Total	165,729
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers	Public universities	114,314
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers	Private universities	15,070
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers	Other centres of higher education	4,076
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers	Total	133,460
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians	Public universities	13,658
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians	Private universities	709
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians	Other centres of higher education	676
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians	Total	15,043
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff	Public universities	16,030
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff	Private universities	838
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff	Other centres of higher education	358
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff	Total	17,226
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total	Public universities	66,148
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total	Private universities	8,196
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,374
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total	Total	76,718
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers	Public universities	49,560
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers	Private universities	7,146
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers	Other centres of higher education	1,741
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers	Total	58,447
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians	Public universities	6,893
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians	Private universities	449
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians	Other centres of higher education	412
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians	Total	7,754
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff	Public universities	9,695
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff	Private universities	601
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff	Other centres of higher education	221
Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff	Total	10,517
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total	Public universities	74,790.9
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total	Private universities	6,563.8
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total	Other centres of higher education	2,969.9
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total	Total	84,324.6
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers	Public universities	59,297.7
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers	Private universities	5,675.3
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers	Other centres of higher education	2,238.8
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers	Total	67,211.8
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians	Public universities	8,651.7
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians	Private universities	490.0
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians	Other centres of higher education	453.8
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians	Total	9,595.5
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff	Public universities	6,841.5
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff	Private universities	398.5
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff	Other centres of higher education	277.3
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff	Total	7,517.3
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total	Public universities	33,494.5
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total	Private universities	3,358.8
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	1,401.6
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total	Total	38,254.9
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers	Public universities	25,235.0
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers	Private universities	2,760.7
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers	Other centres of higher education	946.5
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers	Total	28,942.2
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians	Public universities	4,352.8
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians	Private universities	329.1
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians	Other centres of higher education	280.8
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians	Total	4,962.7
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff	Public universities	3,906.7
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff	Private universities	269.0
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff	Other centres of higher education	174.3
Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff	Total	4,350.0
By qualification (HC): Total	Public universities	144,002
By qualification (HC): Total	Private universities	16,617
By qualification (HC): Total	Other centres of higher education	5,110
By qualification (HC): Total	Total	165,729
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Public universities	79,925
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Private universities	9,272
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Other centres of higher education	2,090
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Total	91,287
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Public universities	38,508
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Private universities	6,065
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	1,849
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Total	46,422
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Public universities	13,069
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Private universities	717
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	673
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Total	14,459
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Public universities	4,849
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Private universities	280
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	175
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Total	5,304
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Public universities	5,859
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Private universities	219
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Other centres of higher education	273
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Total	6,351
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Public universities	1,792
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Private universities	64
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Other centres of higher education	50
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Total	1,906
By qualification (HC): Women: Total	Public universities	66,148
By qualification (HC): Women: Total	Private universities	8,196
By qualification (HC): Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,374
By qualification (HC): Women: Total	Total	76,718
By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD	Public universities	33,346
By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD	Private universities	4,496
By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD	Other centres of higher education	787
By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD	Total	38,629
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Public universities	18,735
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Private universities	2,976
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	938
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Total	22,649
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Public universities	6,676
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Private universities	434
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	425
By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Total	7,535
By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Public universities	2,850
By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Private universities	189
By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	116
By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Total	3,155
By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Public universities	3,398
By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Private universities	76
By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Other centres of higher education	88
By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Total	3,562
By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies	Public universities	1,143
By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies	Private universities	25
By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies	Other centres of higher education	20
By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies	Total	1,188
By qualification (FTE): Total	Public universities	74,790.9
By qualification (FTE): Total	Private universities	6,563.8
By qualification (FTE): Total	Other centres of higher education	2,969.9
By qualification (FTE): Total	Total	84,324.6
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Public universities	40,364.0
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Private universities	3,836.5
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Other centres of higher education	1,161.4
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Total	45,361.9
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Public universities	21,728.5
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Private universities	2,097.7
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	1,222.0
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Total	25,048.2
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Public universities	7,035.2
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Private universities	269.8
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	285.3
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Total	7,590.3
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Public universities	2,529.7
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Private universities	215.5
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	111.6
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Total	2,856.8
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Public universities	2,448.9
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Private universities	135.5
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Other centres of higher education	157.0
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Total	2,741.4
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Public universities	684.6
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Private universities	8.8
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Other centres of higher education	32.6
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Total	726.0
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Public universities	144,002
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Private universities	16,617
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Other centres of higher education	5,110
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Total	165,729
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Public universities	26,938
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Private universities	1,525
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Other centres of higher education	1,259
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Total	29,722
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Public universities	30,222
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Private universities	2,305
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Other centres of higher education	863
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Total	33,390
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Public universities	25,599
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Private universities	3,762
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Other centres of higher education	577
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Total	29,938
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Public universities	4,856
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Private universities	227
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Other centres of higher education	339
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Total	5,422
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Public universities	37,205
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Private universities	7,026
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Other centres of higher education	1,518
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Total	45,749
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Public universities	19,182
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Private universities	1,772
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Other centres of higher education	554
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Total	21,508
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total	Public universities	66,148
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total	Private universities	8,196
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,374
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total	Total	76,718
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences	Public universities	11,826
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences	Private universities	665
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences	Other centres of higher education	513
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences	Total	13,004
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology	Public universities	9,591
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology	Private universities	714
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology	Other centres of higher education	282
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology	Total	10,587
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences	Public universities	13,764
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences	Private universities	2,095
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences	Other centres of higher education	398
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences	Total	16,257
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Public universities	2,406
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Private universities	128
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Other centres of higher education	159
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Total	2,693
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences	Public universities	18,717
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences	Private universities	3,675
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences	Other centres of higher education	709
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences	Total	23,101
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts	Public universities	9,844
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts	Private universities	919
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts	Other centres of higher education	313
By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts	Total	11,076
External personnel by occupation (HC): Total	Public universities	468
External personnel by occupation (HC): Total	Private universities	58
External personnel by occupation (HC): Total	Other centres of higher education	248
External personnel by occupation (HC): Total	Total	774
External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers	Public universities	301
External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers	Private universities	58
External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers	Other centres of higher education	239
External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers	Total	598
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total	Public universities	156
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total	Private universities	30
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	122
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total	Total	308
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers	Public universities	80
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers	Private universities	30
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers	Other centres of higher education	115
External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers	Total	225
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total	Public universities	337.7
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total	Private universities	21.0
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total	Other centres of higher education	88.0
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total	Total	446.7
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers	Public universities	176.1
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers	Private universities	21.0
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers	Other centres of higher education	80.5
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers	Total	277.6
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total	Public universities	119.4
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total	Private universities	10.9
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	36.3
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total	Total	166.6
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers	Public universities	46.1
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers	Private universities	10.9
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers	Other centres of higher education	30.8
External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers	Total	87.8