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It is an operation based entirely on the exploitation of administrative registers whose objective is to provide information on the level and distribution of income of the population broken down according to the demographic variables sex, age and nationality and at the territorial levels census sections, districts, municipalities, islands, provinces and autonomous communities.
It is an operation based entirely on the exploitation of administrative registers whose objective is to provide information on the level and distribution of income of the population broken down according to the demographic variables sex, age and nationality and at the territorial levels census sections, districts, municipalities, islands, provinces and autonomous communities.
Territorial: census sections, districts, municipalities, islands, provinces and autonomous communities.
Nationality: Spanish and foreign.
Age: All ages, under 18, between 18 and 64, 65 and over.
Sex: Both sexes, men and women
Gender: Both sexes, men and women.
Information is collected on all households in the national territory and the members that comprise them
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The statistical units in this operation are the households in the national territory and the persons who usually reside in them.
The statistical populations in this operation are all households in the national territory and all persons usually residing in them.
The statistical populations in this operation are all households in the national territory and all persons usually residing in them.
The geographical scope is formed by the national territory as a whole, disaggregating the information for all the census sections, districts, municipalities, islands, provinces and autonomous communities into which the state is territorially organised.
The geographical scope is formed by the national territory as a whole, disaggregating the information for all the census sections, districts, municipalities, islands, provinces and autonomous communities into which the state is territorially organised.
The publication includes information from 2015 to 2022, inclusive.
The publication collects information from 2015 to 2022, both inclusive.
The primary data sources and procedures used to obtain the final indicators have been the same for each reference year of the published data so that the publication is conformed by homogeneous time series.
The main units of measurement are euros, persons and percentages.
Data referenced to the period: Annual A: 2022
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).
Royal Decree 97/2022 of 1 February approving the 2022 Annual Programme of the National Statistical Plan 2021-2024 includes for the first time the Atlas of Household Income Distribution (ADRH) as a statistic for state purposes.
Royal Decree 97/2022 of 1 February approving the 2022 Annual Programme of the National Statistical Plan 2021-2024 includes for the first time the Atlas of Household Income Distribution (ADRH) as a statistic for state purposes.
For the compilation of these statistics, both the AEAT and the Basque Country and Navarre Regional Tax Authorities construct and deliver the information to INE based on the results of the Personal Income Tax Returns.
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
In order to preserve both statistical and tax secrecy, a ring-fencing of individual incomes is carried out so that the gross income of any taxpayer whose tax return result exceeds EUR 3 million or is less than minus EUR 3 million is set at the same ceilings.
The income information of census sections whose gross or net aggregate income is negative will not be used in the process of creating indicators, nor will the information of negative income brackets be used.
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
The statistical operation is disseminated annually, and is currently scheduled to be published at the beginning of the fourth quarter of the year.
The statistical operation is disseminated annually, and is currently scheduled to be published at the beginning of the fourth quarter of the year.
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
The results of the statistical operations are generally disseminated with press releases that can be consulted both in the menu corresponding to the operation and in the Press Releases section.
Apart from the ad hoc publication, the results of this operation feed into other statistics such as the Urban Indicators or the Demographic Censuses.
All relevants documents related to ADRH (methodology, results, etc. ) are published at: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177088&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735976608
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
The dissemination of the information produced is made up of 10 statistical tables by geographical area and 9 maps by geographical area for as many indicators.
The list of tables disseminated is:
- Average and median income indicators.
- Distribution by source of income.
- Percentage of population with income per unit of consumption below certain fixed thresholds by sex.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit below certain fixed thresholds by sex and age group.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit below certain fixed thresholds by sex and nationality.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit below/above certain relative thresholds by sex.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit below/above certain relative thresholds by sex and age brackets.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit below/above certain relative thresholds by sex and nationality.
- Gini Index and income distribution P80/P20.
- Demographic indicators.
The indicators for which maps are produced are:
- Average net income per person.
- Average net income per household.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit below 7500 €.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit below 60% of the median value.
- Percentage of population with income per consumption unit above 200% of the median value.
- Percentage of population under 18 with income per consumption unit below 60% of the median value.
- Percentage of population under 18.
- Percentage of population over 65.
- Gini index.
- Gini index.
Access to the online database is done through the link : https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177088&menu=resultados&idp=1254735976608
Microdata associated with this statistic will not be available to users.
Not applicable
The technical project which details all the methodological aspects related to the elaboration of the Atlas of Household Income Distribution is hosted in the web section of the publication.
This standardised methodological report contains all the elements of what is considered to be a "user-oriented quality report"
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Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
Time and geographic consistency studies are carried out on all data received and those prior to publication. In addition, we analyse and respond to the numerous queries from different types of users and implement any improvements that may arise from this process.
The Atlas of Household Income Distribution is a high quality operation in which there are no sampling errors as it is of a census type and in which the data received from the different tax sources are highly reliable both in terms of content and date of receipt due to the great specialisation and resources available from these sources.
The ADRH was born as an experimental by-product derived from the necessary procedures for the elaboration of income indicators included in the INE Urban Indicators statistics. The excellent reception of the ADRH by citizens, companies, public administrations and the academic world, as shown by the repercussion in the media with each publication or the numerous requests for information by the aforementioned groups, together with the quality and stability of its sources and methods, has led to its consolidation as a statistic for state purposes.
TP2=22 months
TP2=22 months
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
The information provided to ADRH users is 100% of that required in the 2024 Annual Program of the 2021-2024 National Statistical Plan.
R1=100%
There are no sampling errors in this operation because it is a census operation and, as explained in section 13.3, non-sampling errors are of very small magnitude.
There are no sampling errors as this is a census-type operation.
The collection of income data subject to personal income tax is carried out by the different collaborating tax agencies, so it is difficult to know the exact degree to which errors occur in the estimation of the variables due to non-sampling causes, although the different tax agencies have extensive resources and experience by means of which they efficiently collect and store the information on the economic income subject to personal income tax of each of the residents in the national territory and therefore it can be assumed that the different components of non-sampling error are kept at very low levels.
TP2=22
There have been no delays in the last few statistical releases and due to the quality and stability of sources and methods used no delays are expected in future release commitments.
The primary data sources as well as the processing of the data at all stages are the same in all territories so that the results are perfectly comparable for any geographical breakdown.
The only exception to the above is the distribution of the sources of income that is collected for the income of the Basque Country with respect to that of the rest of the national territory.
CC2=7
The following is a brief comparison with other statistical sources that also use the concept of household income.
- Living Conditions Survey. The theoretical definition of household income fits well between the two operations. However, there are some differences such as, among others, the inclusion of all payments in kind and "imputed income" in the HICP (in the LCS only the "company car" is included) or the inclusion of monetary transfers between households in the LCS.
- National Accounts. The concept of disposable income used in the national accounts is not homologous to that of net income used in the HRDS. Moreover, there is also a difference between the two sources in terms of the population scope, as the population living in collective accommodation is included in the national accounts and is not taken into account in the HRA.
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Consistency between variables is checked in both input and publishable files.
Consistency between variables is checked in both input and publishable files.
The cost estimate according to the 2024 annual program amounts to 53.66 thousand euros.
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The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
Published data will only be reviewed in the event of errors being detected.
The collection of income data is based on standardized annual requests to the various collaborating tax agencies.
Data collection by the tax agencies usually takes place during the second quarter of the year following the date of accrual of personal income tax. The data requested by the INE is usually received in the middle of the year following the reporting period, i.e. 18 months after the date of accrual of personal income tax.
Income data collection by the INE is based on standardised annual requests to the different collaborating tax organisations.
A first control of the input data is carried out in order to detect geographical, measurement and balance inconsistencies, so that the input information covers the census section, has a coherent temporal evolution and that the gross income equals the sum of the different components broken down in the publication. If there is any doubt about the information received, it is possible to contact the source for information. Analogous analyses are carried out once the indicators to be published have been drawn up.
To make the indicators more robust, the following treatments are carried out on the data:
- In the calculation of the Gini index, a prior truncation of the data by income brackets per consumption unit of 1.5% of the lowest income values and 1.5% of the highest values is carried out, replacing the original value with the extreme value.
- Fixing a minimum population size for the different territorial units for which information is offered. These minimum sizes will depend both on the variable under study and on the classification variables (for more information, please consult the technical project hosted on the ADRH website).
- The extreme values of the income indicators are dimensioned. The extreme values that the income indicators take in each of the territories will be calculated, calculating upper and lower limits so that when the indicator takes a value below the lower limit or above the upper limit, this value will be censored by the limit.
No temporary adjustment is made.