Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid
The Survey data reflects the double aspect that is considered in the study of tourism: on the demand side, information is offered on travellers, overnight stays and average stay distributed by traveller country of residence and the category of occupied establishments, or by Community or Autonomous City of origin in the case of travellers residing in Spain; on the supply side, the number of estimated open establishments, estimated bed-places, degrees of occupation and information on employment in the sector are provided, according to the category of establishment.
This information is offered monthly, at the national, autonomous community, provincial, tourist area and tourist site level.
Tourism
The analysis units are hotel establishments registered as such in the corresponding registry of the Tourism Councils of each Autonomous Community.
All hotel establishments in the national territory are investigated.
Hotel establishments throughout the national territory are investigated.
The information is disseminated at different levels of geographical breakdown: national, community or autonomous city, provincial, tourist areas (set of municipalities) and municipalities.
Since 1964. Data on paper from 1964 to 1998. From 1999 onwards this is available on the website.
The year in which collection began for the Hotel Occupancy Survey, and therefore the base year, is 1999.
Travellers, Overnight stays, Days, Persons, Per 100, Establishments, Bed-places and Rooms.
Month
Data referred to the period: Mensual A: 2023 MES: 12
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).
This statistic is subject to the provisions of Regulation (EC) No. 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of July 6, 2011, regarding tourism statistics. The Spanish version of the European Union rules affecting this operation is available at: https://www.ine.es/normativa/leyes/UE/minine.htm#30235
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
In the case of the categories of establishments, those that do not comply with statistical secrecy are added to the lower or higher categories. The data for tourist areas or points where less than 9 establishments answered is hidden. The data for nationalities with less than 10 travellers or 20 overnight stays per month is also hidden.
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
Monthly
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
The results of the survey are disseminated through the INE WEBSITE and some results are collected in publications such as the Statistical Yearbook, INE Figures, etc. A press release is prepared on a monthly basis that includes the following operations: HOS, HPI and IPHS.
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
The specific link to the Hotel Occupancy Survey in INEbase can be found at: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177015&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576863
The indicator used is the number of accesses to the online database, AC1 = 477,360 in 2023 (accumulated as of 31-10-2023)
No microdata information is shared.
In addition, custom requests are received, which sometimes convert into continuous requests, or are expanded. The policy of attention to customised requests is to analyse whether the conditions of statistical secrecy and significance are met. Following this analysis, a feasibility report is prepared and sent to the requesting party. The establishments that send the survey data via XML also receive a personalized report on the day of publication of the press release (see anonymised example) with information on the ADR, RevPAR and degree of occupancy by rooms variables for the establishment and its competition. If these types of establishments request it, they can also receive information on other areas.
The methodology contains information on the questionnaires, link coefficients, variation coefficients, estimators, XML collection method, treatment of partial non-response, definitions, sample. The document can be consulted at the following link:
Fields 10.6 to 17 of this document are the user-oriented quality report for this operation.
Based on Regulation 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council, the European Commission (Eurostat) evaluates the quality of the data transmitted and publishes reports on the quality of European statistics. Each country provides a quality report within 9 months after the end of the year. The link is as follows: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/tour_occ_esms.htm
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
The Hotel Occupancy Survey periodically performs review activities of the statistical process to meet the necessary quality conditions, both nationally and internationally. The main activities are the revision of both the collected data and the survey directory as well as a micro-purification when receiving the data and a subsequent macro-purification. Improvement in data collection systems (XML).
As can be seen in the following sections - in which the quality indicators are collected in detail - the HOS is very good quality, and has data from the operation in a period of 23 days. The total non-response is usually around 9% for provisional data and 3.5% for definitive data, and the coefficients of variation also take values lower than 0.5 for the main variables. Periodical updates are made to the directory and improvements to the data collection system, such as the introduction of data collection through XML files. Finally, the Eurostat methodology for tourism surveys is also followed: Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics, which is available at the following link: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/6454997/KS-GQ-14-013-EN-N.pdf#page=127
Users are very varied: tourism boards/consortia, individuals, establishments, consultancies, AC governments, town halls, universities, associations of hospitality businesspersons. The data received is used for analysis, studies, reports and policy design. Unmet user needs are those that violate the conditions of statistical secrecy and significance. Among the uses of users are the "Profitability Barometer" published by Exceltur and the "Monitor Report" prepared by CEHAT, both from the data provided by the INE.
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
The HOS satisfies all the requirements established in the international regulations related to tourism statistics, Regulation 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council, from the point of view of supply. 100% of the information requested by the Regulation is supplied. (R1= 100%)
The estimators used are unbiased, so the bias is zero. Variation coefficients are available for the main variables, travelers and overnight stays. Regarding non-sampling errors, an attempt is made to minimize both coverage errors and total non-response errors. More information can be found in the survey methodology that is available at the following link: https://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco42/ocuphotel/notaeoh_en.htm
To measure the precision of this statistical operation, variation coefficients are available for the variables travelers and overnight stays, disaggregating between residents in Spain and residents abroad. The values of the coefficients of variation can be consulted at the following link: https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/en/index.htm?padre=239
A1 = 0.55% in travelers in November 2023
The estimators used are unbiased, so the bias is zero. Among non-sampling errors, coverage errors are minimized by periodically cross-checking the directories of the Autonomous Communities and the HOS directory in order to locate possible duplicates, establishments that are missing or no longer active. A total lack of response is minimized between the provisional and definitive data thanks to follow-up with the units that did not answer and. In addition, an imputation of data is carried out for these cases. Among non-sampling errors, information is available on non-response, with the non-response rate in 2021 being A4 = 3.8
The number of days from the date of reference for the data to the publication of the provisional figures is 23 days (TP1 = 23 days), while for the definitive data it is one year and one month for the months of January to May. (TP2 = 13 months). The final data for the rest of the months is published in June. That is, in April 2022 the provisional data for March 2022 and final data for March 2021 are published, and in June 2022 the final data for 2021 not previously published are published.
Each publication has been disseminated on the date announced in the publications calendar. The calendar can be consulted at the following link: https://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco41/calen_en.htm
The availability of a methodology, a design and a common process of collection, filtering, editing and updating in all its geographical scope, guarantees the comparability of the results between the different Autonomous Communities, provincces, tourist areas and tourist sites. On the other hand, the methodological adaptation to regulation 692/2011 makes comparability with the rest of the countries in the European Union possible.
Since 1999, link coefficients have been repeatedly used for directory updates or methodological changes in order to make the data series comparable over time. For more information on link coefficients: https://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco42/ocuphotel/coeficientes_enlace_en.htm. In January 2023 the series has 300 elements.
Therefore, CC2 = 300
Although the variables collected in this survey are not collected in any other survey, there is a coherence between the values obtained and the evolution of the economy.
The data are entirely internally consistent, as they are based on the same set of microdata and are calculated using the same estimation methods for the various disaggregations. The arithmetic and accounting identities are observed in the production of the data sets.
The estimate of the budget credit necessary to finance this operation foreseen in the 2024 Annual Program is 11,305.53 thousand euros in the INE budget.
This estimate corresponds to the Tourist Accommodation Occupancy Survey (PEN code 8591), which is made up of five statistical operations, with the 30235 Hotel Occupancy Survey being one of them.
No information is available on the burden on informants. There is a form of collection using XML files that aims to reduce the burden on informants. Information is collected directly from the management systems of the establishments, and it is not necessary for informants to fill out the questionnaire, thus reducing the time that the establishment spends answering the questionnaire.
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
The revision policy is as follows: once the results are published in t+23, more questionnaires are received for the reference month, so that the final version of the results presents a greater coverage (going from a response rate of 93 % in provisional to 97.5% in definitive). In June of each year, a more detailed publication - more detailed than the monthly publication - of the previous year's data is published. This publication is final. From January to May, however, the same day that the provisional results of the reference month are published, the final results of the same month of the previous year are also published.
The provisional data for the previous month and the definitive data for the previous month of the previous year are published monthly until June, when all definitive data for the previous year that had not been previously released is published. The quality indicators used are AMR, absolute mean revision, and RMR, relative mean revision, which is obtained for the main variables, travellers and overnight stays.
The period selected for AMR and RMR calculations is January 2017-December 2021
A6-AMR travelers = 24,724.87 A6-RMR travelers = 0.21544%
A6-AMR overnight stays = 62,836.54 A6-RMR overnight stays = 0.17555%
The INE draws up a national directory of hotel establishments based on the records sent by the Tourism Councils of the Autonomous Communities. This directory contains the following information for each establishment: name, address, category, opening period, number of rooms and capacity.
A sampling stratified by provinces and categories is used.
Monthly
The collection methods are: CAWI, mail, fax, mail, automatic data collection via XML. The information in questionnaires is collected and refined in a decentralized fashion, and the XML information is collected in a centralized fashion. The questionnaire collects information on seven consecutive days, which is the reference week. The 3, 4 and 5-star establishments also fill out a questionnaire with monthly data. The XML file collects information about every day of the month. The questionnaire is updated annually with the new EU countries.
The procedure to supervise the validation of the data consists of applying a series of validations to the questionnaires. In the event that any inconsistency is detected, the INE contacts the establishment again. When all the data has been collected, it is centrally reviewed once more. In the files received by XML, the validation is carried out at the moment the data is sent to the INE. If the data does not verify the validations, it is not uploaded to the database. Finally, a macro-purification is carried out.
First, there is a decentralized micro-purification process to detect and correct errors and inconsistencies in the questionnaires. Then, at the central level, the data is joined to that of the XML files and the estimators are obtained. Subsequently, a macro-purification is carried out before the tabulation and dissemination of the results.
No adjustments are applied.