High Technology Indicators

• 1Contact
  • 1.1Contact organisation
    National Statistics Institute of Spain
    
  • 1.5Contact mail address

    Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid

    
    
• 2Metadata update
  • 2.1Metadata last certified
    05/07/2024
  • 2.2Metadata last posted
    16/07/2024
  • 2.3Metadata last update
    05/07/2024
• 3Statistical presentation
  • 3.1Data description

    The annual High Technology statistic is a summary statistic that provides data on high technology production in Spain. Some of the variables provided by these statistics are: the number of companies, turnover, value added, rate of innovation, etc. in high-tech sectors or the production value , exports and imports, etc. for high-tech products.

  • 3.2Classification system
    • Clasificaciones utilizadas

      Focus by sectors

      Eurostat uses the general nomenclature of economic activities of the European Communities (NACE Rev. 2) to define the high technology sectors. The classification of the high technology sectors results from the aggregation of the manufacturing sector of high and medium-high technology plus the high technology services sector. NACE Rev.2 is used to a level of three digits and, in many cases, due to the restriction of the statistical sources used, the aggregation made is at the level of two digits.

      Focus by products

      The list of products is based on the calculation of the intensity of R&D by group of products. The groups defined as those of high technology are based on the SITC Rev.4 (Standard International Trade Classification). Correspondence between international classifications and those used in Spain is established. In particular, the CPA classification (Classification of Products by Activities) and its correspondence with the SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) and CN (Combined Nomenclature) was used. Finally, the equivalence between the CN and the PRODCOM classification (List of Products of the European Community) enabled the establishment of links between classifications and information sources.

  • 3.3Sector coverage

    By branches, the manufacturing sector and the branches of services with high and medium-high intensity in R&D are covered throughout Spain, and the production, export and import of products considered to be high technology are also covered.

  • 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
    • A business process innovation
      It is a new or improved business process for one or more business functions that differs significantly from the firm¿s revious business processes and that has been brought into use by the firm.
    • A product innovation
      It is a new or improved good or service that differs significantly
      from the firm¿s previous goods or services and that has been introduced on the market.
    • Acquisition or lease of tangible assets for innovation
      The acquisition or lease of tangible assets can be innovation activities in their own right, such as when a firm purchases or leases equipment with significantly different characteristics than the existing equipment that it uses for its business processes. The acquisition of tangible capital goods is generally not an innovation activity if it is for replacement or capital-widening investments that are unchanged, or if it consists of only minor changes compared to the firm¿s existing stock of tangible capital.
    • An innovation
      It is a new or improved product or process (or combination thereof) that differs significantly from the unit¿s previous products or processes and that has been made available to potential users (product) or brought into use by the unit (process).
      An innovation can be a product innovation or a business process innovation.
    • Earnings per normal working hour
      This is obtained from annual gross earnings divided by the the number of hours paid during the same period. This is necessary for studying, under equal conditions, workers with different working days, especially part-time workers.
    • EIN Companies
      This term encompasses innovative companies in addition to those companies with innovations in progress or unsuccessful innovations.
    • Employee training as an innovation activity
      Employee training activities for the use of existing products or business processes, the upgrading of general skills, or language training are not innovation activities. Examples of training as an innovation activity include training personnel to use innovations, such as new software logistical systems or new equipment; and training relevant to the implementation of an innovation, such as instructing personnel or customers on the features of a product innovation. Employee training that is required to develop an innovation, such as training for R&D or for design, are respectively part of R&D activities or part of engineering, design and other creative work.
    • Employees
      Employees are all those persons aged over 16 years old who, during the reference week were employed by others, wage-earners, or performed freelance work pursuant, freelance workers.
    • Engineering, design and other creative work as an innovation activity:
      Most design and other creative work are innovation activities, with the exception of minor design changes that do not meet the requirements for an innovation, such as producing an existing product in a new colour. Identifying the use of design thinking methodologies by firms can help to differentiate minor design changes from innovation activities. Many engineering activities are not innovation activities, such as day-to-day production and quality control procedures for existing processes. Engineering activities for reverse engineering, or to alter or introduce new production processes, services or delivery methods, may or may not be an innovation activity, depending on whether these activities are conducted for innovation or for other reasons.
    • Expenditure on innovative activities
      Total costs of all innovative activities including internal and external R&D costs and costs relative to remaining innovative activities such as: acquisition of machinery and equipment related to technologically new or improved products and processes, the acquisition of immaterial technology, industrial design and engineering, tools and launch of manufacture, training related to technlogically new or improved products and processes and the commercialisation of technologically improved or new products.
    • Expenditures in activities of internal R&D
      Defined as internal expenditure on R&D are all the amounts earmarked for R&D activities, carried out within the research department or unit, irrespective of the source of the funds. Expenditure incurred outside the department, but related to internal support tasks of R&D (acquisition of supplies for R&D, for example) is also included as internal R&D expenditure.
    • Freelance workers
      Have worked during the reference week for at least one hour in exchange for personal gain or family earnings or have had a job but not working due to being temporarily absent from it during the reference week due to illness, an accident, holidays, public holidays, bad weather or other reasons involving there continuing to exist a strong link between the person and his or her company.
      Family assistance is included in this category.
    • Innovating company
      A company is considered to be innovating when it carries out, during the analized period, technological and non-technological innovations, that is, product, process, marketing or organisational innovations.
    • Innovation activities
      They include all developmental, financial and commercial activities undertaken by a firm that are intended to result in an innovation for the firm.
    • Innovation intensity
      The quotient between expenditure on activities for technological innovation and turnover.
    • Intellectual property- related activities as an innovation activity
      IP activities for ideas, inventions and new or improved products or business processes developed during the observation period are innovation activities. Examples include activities to apply for IP rights for an innovation or for an invention, licensing-in the right to use an invention or an innovation, or licensing-out IP for inventions and innovations. All IP activities for inventions made before the observation period and for products and business processes that existed before the observation period should be excluded.
    • Marketing and brand equity activities as an innovation activity
      Marketing activities for existing products are only innovation activities if the marketing practice is itself an innovation. For many companies only a small fraction of marketing expenditures is likely to be linked to product innovations introduced within the observation period. Relevant innovation activities include preliminary market research, market tests, launch advertising, and the development of pricing mechanisms and product placement methods for product innovations. In some cases, the advantages of a business process innovation could also be marketed, for instance if the business process innovation has environmental benefits or improves product quality.
    • Personnel employed in R&D activities
      R&D personnel is defined as all personnel directly employed in R&D activities, without distinguishing their level of responsibility, as well as those who supply services directly linked to R&D work, such as managers, administrators and office personnel.
      Persons rendering indirect services, such as canteen, security, maintenance,etc. are excluded, even though their wages must be accounted for as other current expenditure on R&D.
      Personnel data may be measured in two ways: in the number of individuals and in the personnel on a full-time equivalent (the sum of the personnel working full-time, plus the sum of the fractions of time of the personnel working part-time).
    • Production value
      The production value measures the amount actually produced by the unit, based on sales, including changes in stocks and the resale of goods and services.
      
      The production value is defined as turnover or revenue from sales of goods and rendering of services, plus or minus the changes in stocks of finished products, work in progress and goods and services purchased for resale, minus the purchases of goods and services for resale (only for the goods and services sold during the reporting period and excluding the costs of storage and transport of the goods purchased for resale), plus capitalised production, plus other (operating and extra-ordinary) income (excluding subsidies). Income and expenditure classified as financial or as revenue in the form of interests and dividends in company accounts is excluded from production value. Included in purchases of goods and services for resale are the purchases of services purchased in order to be rendered to third parties in the same condition.
      
      Note : Capitalised production includes the own-account production of all goods that are retained by their producers as investment. The latter includes the production of fixed tangible assets (buildings, etc.) as well as intangible assets (development of software, etc.). Capitalised production is unsold production and is valued at production cost. Note that these capital goods are also to be included in investment.
      
      Note : Other (operating and extra-ordinary) income is a company accounting heading. The contents of this heading may vary between sectors and over time and as such can not be defined precisely for statistical purposes.
      
      For the statistics on activities of NACE Rev.2 groups 65.1 and 65.2, the production value is defined gross premiums earned plus total portfolio investment income plus other services produced minus gross claims incurred, excluding claims management expenses plus capital gains and provisions.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the production value is defined as interest receivable and similar income less interest payable and similar charges plus commissions receivable plus income from shares and other variable-yield securities plus net profit or net loss on financial operations plus other operating income.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VII of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the production value is defined as turnover less insurance premiums payable plus investment income plus other income plus insurance claims receivable less total expenditure on pensions less net change in technical provisions.
      
      For the enterprises of the NACE Rev.2 class 64.11 (central banks) the production value is defined as interest receivable and similar income less interest payable
    • Purchase of R&D (external R&D)
      It includes funds paid to research services firms or other units performing R&D under contract. It excludes the internal funds to support a unit's active participation in collaborative R&D projects, these projects should be recorded as part of a unit's intramural performance.
    • Researchers
      These are persons involved in the concept or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems in the management of the corresponding probjects.
      Also included are managers and administrators dedicated to the planning and management of the scientific and technical aspects of the work of the researchers and which, normally, has a category equal or superior to that of persons employed directly as researchers, often dealing with former researchers or part time researchers.
      Also included are graduate students with a "study salary/grant" who carry out R&D activities.
    • Sale of products
      This refers to the total sum of sales of completed products, products in progress, byproducts, waste, containers and packaging, carried out by the company during the reference year. It considers the value of net sales (after deducting reductions) at sale prices, without including transport costs or the taxes levied on these transactions.
    • Software development and database activities as innovation activity
      Software development is an innovation activity when used to develop new or improved business processes or products, such as computer games, logistical systems, or software to integrate business processes. Database activities are an innovation activity when used for innovation,such as analyses of data on the properties of materials or customer preferences.
    • Turnover
      This includes the total amounts invoiced by the observation unit, during the reference period, for the sales of goods and services supplied to third parties, considering both those carried out directly by the observation unit itself, and those from temporary outsourcing.
      
      These sales of goods or services are accounted for in net terms, that is, including the charges to the client (transport, packages, etc.), though invoiced separately, but deducting the discount on sales for early payment, returns of sales or the value of returned packages, as well as taxes on sales. This includes taxes and fees on goods or services invoiced by the unit, but excludes the VAT paid by the client.
      
      From an administrative point of view, the General Accounting Plan (PGC) (RD 1514/2007, of 16 November) defines the Total net value of turnover, using the following accounting items: C700+C701+C702+C703+C704+C705-C706-C708-C709 with:
      
      C700. Sales of merchandise
      C701. Sales of finished products
      C702. Sales of semi-finished products
      C703. Sales of sub-products and waste
      C704. Sales of packages and packaging
      C705. Provision of services
      C706. Discount on sales for early payment
      C708. Returns of sales and similar transactions
      C709. "Taxes" on sales
      
      Therefore, turnover includes neither subsidies nor other operating income. It also excludes financial and extraordinary income, and other income that affects the results of the fiscal year.
    • Value added at factor cost
      The value added at factor cost is the gross income from operating activities after adjusting for operating subsidies and indirect taxes.
      
      It can be calculated from turnover, plus capitalised production, plus other operating income (including operating subsidies), plus or minus the changes in stocks, minus the purchases of goods and services, minus other taxes on products which are linked to turnover but not deductible, minus the duties and taxes linked to production. The duties and taxes linked to production are compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect of the production and importation of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production irrespective of the quantity or the value of goods and services produced or sold. Alternatively it can be calculated from gross operating surplus by adding personnel costs.
      
      Income and expenditure classified as financial in company accounts according to the 4th Accounting Directive (78/660/EEC) is excluded from value added. Income and expenditure classified as interest income, dividend income, foreign exchange gain from foreign currency borrowings related to interest costs, gains on redemption and extinguishment of debt or finance costs according to Commission Regulation (EC) 1725/2003 are excluded from value added.
      
      Value added at factor costs is calculated "gross" as value adjustments (such as depreciation and impairment losses) are not subtracted.
      
      For the statistics on activities of NACE rev.2 groups 65.1 and 65.2, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value minus gross value of reinsurance services received minus commissions minus other external expenditure on goods and services.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value less total purchases of goods and services.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VII of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value less total purchases of goods and services.
      
      For the enterprises of the NACE Rev.2 class 64.11, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value less total purchases of goods and services.
    • Wage-earners or freelance workers
      Have worked during the reference week for at least one hour in exchange for a salary or wage, in cash or in kind or have had a job but have not not worked due to being temporally absent from work during the reference week. In this case, in order ot regard the person as employed, it is necessary to be closely linked with his or her employment, and for the total period absent to be less than or equal to three months or, where this is greater, for the percentage of the wage received to be 50% or more.
  • 3.5Statistical unit

    Depends on the source of data used. See the different primary sources in point 18.1.

  • 3.6Statistical population

    Depends on the source of data used. See the different primary sources in point 18.1.

  • 3.7Reference area

    Depends on the source of data used

  • 3.8Time coverage

    Depends on the source of data used. See the different primary sources in point 18.1.

  • 3.9Base period

    Depends on the source of data used. See the different primary sources in point 18.1.

• 4Unit of measure
  • 4.1Unit of measure

    Depends on the source of data used. See the different primary sources in point 18.1.

• 5Reference period
  • 5.1Reference period

    Depends on the source of data used. See the different primary sources in point 18.1

    Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2022

• 6Institutional mandate
  • 6.1Legal acts and other agreements

    The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15  December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).

    
    

    The European legislation concerning the production and development of community statistics on science and technology, also applicable to the statistic on High Technology, is Decision No 1608/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2003, which can be found at:

    http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32003D1608&from=EN

    and the Commission Implementation Regulation (EU) no 995/2012, of 26 October 2012, at

    http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012R0995&from=EN

    The Spanish version of these standards is available at:

    https://www.ine.es/normativa/leyes/UE/minine.htm#30197

  • 6.2Data sharing
    The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
    

    There are agreements with different institutions to share information in order to elaborate statistics on High Technology Indicators.

• 7Confidentiality
  • 7.1Confidentiality - policy

    The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society

    
    
  • 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
    INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    

    No data are published that allow for the specific identification of a business.

• 8Release policy
  • 8.1Release calendar

    The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.

    
    
  • 8.2Release calendar access

    The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)

    
    
  • 8.3User access

    The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice

    
    
• 9Frequency of dissemination
  • 9.1Frequency of dissemination

    Data on the High Technology Indicators are released annually on the INE website, during the first four months of the year. They are published referring to year t-2, with t being the current year.

• 10Accessibility and clarity
  • 10.1News release

    The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web

    
    
  • 10.2Publications

    It is published on the INE website, at:

    https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176979&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576669

     

  • 10.3On-line database

    INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.

    
    

    Access to tables is realized from INEbase, choosing the section Science and technology/Research and developmenthttps://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176979&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576669

    No. of data table queries: AC1=79,882 queries in 2023.

    No. of  metadata queries: AC2=716.

     
  • 10.4Micro-data access
    A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
    

    In the case of this statistic it is not possible to access microdata directly.

  • 10.5Other

    It is possible to request tailored information from the INE Information Area. These requests are processed taking into account limitations on confidentiality or accuracy.

    See:

    https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?c=Page&p=1254735550786&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout&rendermode=previewnoinsitem&cid=1254735550786&L=1

     

  • 10.6Documentation on methodology

    A detailed description is available at:

    https://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco43/notaiat_en.pdf

  • 10.7Quality documentation

    Regarding the quality of the input data, There is documentation available on the evaluation of the quality of the data of this statistic. The quality reports are published on the section 10.6 to 17 of this Standarised Methodological Report.

• 11Quality management
  • 11.1Quality assurance

    Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.

    
    

    In the case of this statistic, quality assurance is determined by the quality assurance of the sources that provide the data.

    To guarantee the quality of the information, the information received is subsequently treated following the steps below:

    - Control of the information received from the units involved, in order to ensure the reception of the information.

    - Analysis of data, detection of possible errors and/or changes of criteria and consultation with the sources of information if necessary.

    - Obtaining definitive results tables.

  • 11.2Quality assessment

    In order to offer greater punctuality, the necessary steps are being taken so some of the sources can provide information with greater punctuality.

• 12Relevance
  • 12.1User needs

    This statistical operation provides relevant information for the following groups of users:

    1. Public entities and institutions in charge of analysing the development of the High Technology sector.
    2. Public and private universities and research centres, for the purpose of performing research studies on the High Technology sector.
    3. Private entities that use or produce High Technology-related devices.
    4. Individuals, via tailor-made requests of information available.

    Given the synthesis nature of this statistical operation, it is confined to a breakdown level determined by the information provided by the sources of it. Nevertheless, we are studying the possibility of increasing the breakdown level, through the coordination of all of the statistical operations involved.

  • 12.2User satisfaction

    The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013,  2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...

    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click  next link)

     

    
    

    This survey satisfies many users, especially from different institutions, which need to know the level of high technology in Spain.

  • 12.3Completeness

    R1=100% of the information required by Commission Implementation Regulation (EU) no 995/2012 is collected.

• 13Accuracy and reliability
  • 13.1Overall accuracy

    The accuracy and reliability of the data of the high technology statistic are dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the sources used.

  • 13.2Sampling error

    As this statistic uses data collected in other surveys, the sampling errors depend on the sampling errors made in these surveys.

  • 13.3Non-sampling error

    The sampling errors are inerent to the errors made in the different sources that provide the data and to the data manipulation. In this case, the direct measure of the accuracy is not possible.

• 14Timeliness and punctuality
  • 14.1Timeliness

    This statistic's data are published within TP2=18 months after the year following the information reference year.

  • 14.2Punctuality

    Data dissemination is carried out according to the structural statistics availability calendar that INE develops and publishes each year.

• 15Coherence and Comparability
  • 15.1Comparability - geographical

    As the codes used, both for branches and products, are those defined on an international level, comparability with other statistics at the European level is guaranteed.

  • 15.2Comparability - over time

    The data are comparable over time.

    There was a gap in the series in 2009 due to the change in classifications. Specifically, this change was from the NACE Rev.1.1 to NACE Rev.2, thus, the data are comparable from the last CC2=14 years.

  • 15.3Coherence - cross domain

    As this is a highly specialised survey, intersections with other sectors are not possible.

  • 15.4Coherence - internal

    When studying the coherence of the data of the tables that make up this statistic, the different sources from which the aforementioned data were obtained should be considered. As a result, although the statistical definitions are constant in all the tables, it is possible that discrepancies exist between some of the results.

• 16Cost and burden
  • 16.1Cost and burden

    The estimated budgetary appropriation required to finance this statistic, as provided for in the 2024 Annual Programme, is 15,86 thousand Euros.

    The burden on the informant falls, as it is a summary statistic, on the promoter services responsible for the various statistical operations that serve as a source for it.

• 17Data revision
  • 17.1Data revision - policy

    The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).

    This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow:  routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.

    
    

    Definitive data are published.

  • 17.2Data revision - practice

    There are not data review.

• 18Statistical processing
  • 18.1Source data

    In the focus by branches, data from the following surveys are used, choosing only branches considered to be high technology:

    • Industrial Companies Survey (INE)
    • Annual Survey of Services (INE)
    • Economically Active Population Survey (INE)
    • Innovation in Companies Survey (INE)
    • R&D Statistics (INE)
    • Survey on the Use of Information and Communications Technologies and Electronic Commerce in Companies (INE)

    In the focus by products, data from the following surveys are used, choosing only those products considered to be high technology:

    • Industrial Products Survey (INE)
    • Data from the State Tax Administration (elaboration based on data from the AEAT)

     

  • 18.2Frequency of data collection

    Annual

  • 18.3Data collection

    As this is a summary statistic and the data are from different sources, the compilation of data is carried out in the different surveys described in 18.1.

  • 18.4Data validation

    As this is a summary statistic, the data have already been validated in the different surveys used.

  • 18.5Data compilation
  • 18.6Adjustment
• 19Comment
  • 19.1Comment