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The Mortgage Statistics provide information regarding constitutions of mortgages, that is, regarding the number of new mortgages constituted on real estate properties during the reference month, and the value of the new mortgage loans corresponding to said mortgages. They also offer information regarding registered mortgage modifications and cancellations. All of this information is broken down, based on different variables, such as the nature of the property mortgaged or the loan entity.
The target population of study is the group of Land Registries.
The statistical unit is each mortgage constitution, modification or cancellation registered and recorded in the Land Registries.
The statistical population is the group of mortgages constituted, with modifications or registered cancellations in the Land Registries.
The geographical scope of these statistics encompasses the entire national territory.
The Mortgage Statistics are monthly, and there are series, depending on the base:
New base: Monthly data starting in 2003, up until the last month published
Former base: Monthly data from 1994 to 2003
During years 2002 and 2003, the National Statistics Institute has carried out an extensive reform of these statistics, in which most noteworthy is that, while until 2003, the data was provided by each Land Registry to the corresponding Provincial Delegation and then sent to the Central Services, as of now, the data arrives, via computer media, directly from the Information Systems Service of the Official Mercantile and Real Estate Registrar Association of Spain.
Number of new mortgages created.
Number of changes to mortgages formalised in the novation and subrogation deeds.
Number of mortgages that have been completely cancelled.
Capital loaned (thousands of euros)
Average amount (euros)
The reference period is the calendar month.
Data referred to the period: Mensual A: 2024 MES: 01
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).
By virtue of the partnership agreement signed, in 2004, between the Mercantile and Real Estate Registrar Association of Spain and the National Statistics Institute, the CORPME, through its Information Systems Service, provides the information to the INE in a centralised way, via computer media.
The data is sent from the statistics on the land registry level corresponding to the Autonomous Communities requesting it.
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
For the requests made on these statistics, we anonymise that data that has a small volume.
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
The statistics are disseminated monthly. The final data for the reference month the previous year is also published monthly.
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
The results of the statistics are disseminated via the INE website: https://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft30/p149&file=inebase&L=1 and some results are included in publications, such as the Statistical Yearbook, INE Figures, etc.
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
Access to tables and time series in www.ine.es/en/, in INEbase, within the "Financial and monetary statistics" section
https://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft30/p149&file=inebase&L=1; and in the Tempus Series Database in the "Economy" section https://www.ine.es/GSTConsul/arbolAction.do?divi=HPT&nodesChecked=
Users may not access the microdata.
There is the option of requesting customised information from the INE Customer Service Area. Limitations to confidentiality or precision are borne in mind at the time of processing said requests.
See https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=1&c=Page&cid=1254735550786&p=1254735550786&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout&rendermode=previewnoinsitem
This standardized methodological report contains, in fields 10.6 to 17, the elements of what constitutes the "User-oriented quality report" for this operation.
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
Each month, the data for compiling the Mortgage Statistics (constitution, modification and cancellation) received by the Mercantile and Real Estate Registrar Association of Spain (CORPME) is subjected to a series of validations:
- In a previous phase, some data is validated and other data is passed onto a list of data for revision.
- In the first filtering phase of the data file for revision, the list is checked, record by record, in order to validate it, or correct it in case of error.
For this information quality control, we also use the CORPME queries, of the abnormal values of the filtered variables.
- In the second filtering phase, all the work carried out in the first phase is strengthened.
- Preparation of comparative evolution reports and rates with the Real Estate Register Statistics compiled by the CORPME.
The Mortgage Statistics is a high-quality statistical operation that meets all criteria of coherence, comparability, precision and timeliness.
Statistics users include:
· Ministries and other public bodies.
· Territorial administrations (Autonomous Communities, municipal councils, etc.), for dissemination of their territorial data.
· Companies and non-profit institutions.
· Individual who use the information from the Mortgage Statistics for performing real estate market studies.
Each one of these users has different needs, according to the purpose and use they will make of the information they require.
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
Specific user needs are borne in mind, so long as customised requests are made. The information demand usually refers to the variables published, but with a greater territorial breakdown.
Though there is no regulation establishing the information to be provided, the Mortgage Statistics meet most user needs; regarding unmet needs, these are resolved via customised requests. R1=100%.
The procedure for collection, coverage control, error filtering and imputation of non-response enables obtaining a high degree of reliability in the statistics.
There is no sampling in the statistics.
To correct for non-sampling errors, such as non-response, estimates are carried out by stratum. The information is stratified by stratum and province, assigning the value of the stratum to that unit which, on the closing date of the provisional data, has not sent its information.
Specific information is also available regarding the non-response rate, which is less than 10%.
A4=5.06%
The data of the statistics is published some 50 days following the reference month of the information (TP1=50 days) (TP2=12months).
The dissemination of the data is carried out in accordance with the structural statistics availability calendar that the INE compiles and publishes for each year.
These statistics, in all of their phases, are processed in the same way for the entire territory. In this way, the results are perfectly comparable for any geographical breakdown.
As of 2004, the information is received via computer media in a centralised fashion, thus leaving print questionnaires as a thing of the past. Both the information quality and the response rate have improved as a result. In order to facilitate comparisons, the data corresponding to the year 2003 is presented, both according to the previous base and according to the new base. CC2=253
The Mortgage Statistics follows the same trend as the Real Estate Statistics compiled by the Registrar Association.
The coherence is the result of a fundamental matter, both in the planning of the statistics, and in all of its preparation process. The results have complete internal coherence, as they are based on the same set of data, and are calculated using the same estimation methods.
The estimation of the budgetary credit necessary to finance the Mortgage Statistics in the Annual Program 2024 comes to a total of 43.99 thousand euros.
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
According to the Availability Calendar of Short-term Statistics of the INE, provisional data are disseminated monthly, which will be published the final data in the same month of the following year.
Once the final data of the statistics is published, it is not revised.
Each month, provisional data for the statistics is disseminated, and when the final data is published, it is not subject to revision. (A6-MAR=277.25) (RMAR=0.55%).
The values of MAR and RMAR are calculated for the variable Total mortgages, based on the provisional and final data of the twelve months of 2022.
All of the information regarding registered mortgage constitutions, modifications and cancellations is obtained from the information contained in the Land Registries throughout the national territory (the country). The Property, Mercantile and Real Estate Registrar Association of Spain (CORPME), through its Information Systems Service, supplies the information to the INE in a centralised fashion, via computer media, by virtue of a partnership agreement signed by the two institutions in 2004.
The data is collected monthly.
The Registrar Association sends the INE the data via e-mail, in an encrypted file.
The data file submitted by the Registrar Association is processed through a prior data validation phase, obtaining an error file. In the first filtering phase, said errors are revised. In case of doubt, the Registrar Association is queried about those abnormal records. Next, a second filtering, or checking, phase is performed of all the work done in the first phase. Prior to tabulation for the monthly publication, a series of variable checking and evolution reports is compiled.
In the first filtering phase, errors and inconsistencies in the variables for each record are detected and filtered, and content errors are also filtered and imputed. - In the second filtering phase, all the work carried out in the first phase is strengthened.
No adjustment is necessary