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Statistics on Domestic Violence and Gender Violence provide annual data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the victims (with protective orders or interim measures ordered) and the persons accused of domestic or gender violence. Additional information is also provided on interim measures ordered and punishable criminal offences. Furthermore, from 2015 information is also published concerning convicted persons in final judgements.
It consists in statistics whose source of information is the Central Register for the protection of domestic and gender violence victims , ownership of the Ministry of Justice and the information refers to matters with interim measures ordered, recorded in the Register throughout the reference year. And from 2015 is also refered to final judgements.
Main socio-demographic characteristics researched on victims or accused or convicted persons: sex, age, place of birth and type of relationship between the victim and the accused person.
The statistics cover all the matters with precautionary measures ordered and of final judgements that have been recorded in the Register during the reference year.
Victims and persons accused or convicted, involved in a matter of domestic violence or gender violence, with protective order or interim measures ordered.
The population object of study of these statistics is the group of persons accused, of 14 years of age and over and the victims corresponding to matters with interim measures ordered, as well as convicted persons in final judgements, recorded in the Central Register for the protection of domestic and gender violence victims during the reference period.
From a geographical point of view, the statistics covers the entire national territory.
National and autonomous information is provided.
There are results available on the INE website from the year 2011.
The year 2011 is considered the base year of these statistics, given that that year is the first one in which they were published.
Number of victims, persons reported, convicted, criminal offences allocated, interim measures ordered, punishments and other measures ordered.
These statistics have an annual frequency. The data refer to matters with interim measures ordered, and to final judgements, recorded in the Central Register for the protection of domestic and gender violence victims, during the calendar reference year.
Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2023
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).
Statistics on Domestic Violence and Gender Violence are compiled based on the Partnership Agreement signed between the INE and the Ministry of Justice on 3 July 2007, updated and renewed on 21 November 2017, by which the Ministry of Justice provides the INE with the Court Records they own for the statistical use of the information therein.
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
In virtue of the partnership agreement signed between the INE and the Ministry of Justice in July 2007, updated and renewed on 21 November 2017, the Ministry of Justice sends the microdata file to the INE without including personal data of the persons recorded in the Register.
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
The results of the Statistics on Domestic Violence and Gender Violence are disseminated annually.
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
All relevant documents related with the Statistics on Domestic Violence and Gender Violence (press release, detailed results and methodology) are published on the INE website:
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
Results are available on the INE website (Society -> Security and Justice):
https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176866&menu=resultados&idp=1254735573206
The publication is divided into 2 blocks: Gender Violence and Domestic Violence. Each block offers national results and by Autonomous Community, and about both cases initiated and final judgements. There is also an initial summary table with domestic and gender violence results as a whole.
Number of accesses AC1=284655
Number of accesses AC2=679
No microdata files are available to users.
There is the option of requesting customised information from the INE Customer Service Area. For further information check the following link:
The methodology is available on the INE website:
Likewise, this standardised methodological report constitutes a detailed source of information on several of the methodological aspects of the statistics.
Metadata completeness - rate AC3= 100%
Sections 10.6 to 17 of this standardized methodological report contain the different quality aspects associated with these statistics. It is the user-oriented quality report for this statistic.
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
In order to guarantee the reliability of the statistics, the possible systematic or random errors that could affect the quality of the information are detected and analysed during the annual processing of the statistics. The controls established for the treatment of the information are basically addressed to the socio-demographic variables (sex, age, country of birth and relations) to ensure coherence of the information between pairs of variables. Furthermore, the distribution of criminological variables are analysed in order to detect possible errors.
The legal basis on which the Central Register is constituted for the protection of domestic and gender violence victims as well as the obligation to inform the Register of the interim measured ordered, contribute to guaranteeing the exhaustiveness, coverage and quality of its content. Nevertheless, as to the future, and once the data of several years is available, it is expected to carry out the necessary interannual controls and comparisons so as to assess its quality and, where appropriate, improve the available information.
The main users of these statistics are considered to be the following:
- Ministries and other public bodies (Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Ministry of Employment and Social Security)
- Researchers and universities /departments of demographics, sociology statistics).
- Territorial administrations (Autonomous Communities, municipal councils, etc...)
- Companies and non-profit institutions (especially those which develop their work in the social scope).
- Individuals
The mentioned users basically use this information for socio-demographic and sociological studies and decision-making policies based on the available information.
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
User Satisfaction Surveys can be consulted on the website of INE in the category of: Methods and Projects -> Quality in the INE and Code of Practice -> INE Quality Management -> User surveys , where you can see the valuation of the sector "Society: Education, Culture, Health, Justice " which is framed in this statistical operation, which can orient to the opinion of users on it.
Even if no european regulations, Statistics on Domestic Violence and Gender Violence supply requested information in the National Statistical Plan.
Therefore, data completeness - rate R1= 100%
These Statistics are exhaustive, therefore there are no sampling errors. Statistical use is made of the Central Register for the protection of domestic and gender violence victims based on the information included in the matters recorded with interim measures, and in final judgements, throughout the reference year. Coverage is complete. With respect to non-sampling errors, the necessary studies and controls are carried out in order to assess them and restrict their magnitude.
This concept is not applicable for it is an exhaustive research.
Sampling error - indicators A1= Not applicable.
During information processing, non-sampling errors (non response, errors of completion, etc.) are detected and restricted where possible. Nevertheless, the obligation of the judicial bodies to provide the Register with the information regarding protective orders and interim measures ordered in domestic or gender violence matters, and of final judgements, as well as the measures adopted for the control, organisation and management of the Register itself, provide an additional guarantee that reinforces the authenticity and integrity of the data contained thereof. In all cases, and to reduce non-response to the minimum possible, the file is requested from the Ministry of Justice once a certain time has elapsed since the reference period. Therefore, the absence of information due to lack of communication with the Register in the established period is practically non-existent.
Over-coverage - rate A2= Not applicable
Common units - proportion A3= Not applicable
Unit non-response - rate A4= 0%
IItem non-response - rate A5= 0%
Imputation - rate A7= 0.16% (birthcountry of the victim)
This year, the results of the statistics have been published 5 months after the reference period of the information had finalised.
Time lag - first results TP1= Not applicable
Time lag - final results TP2= 5m
The dissemination of the results is carried out in accordance with the structural statistics availability calendar that the INE compiles and publishes each year.
Punctuality - delivery and publication TP3= The calendar is fulfilled
The availability of a methodology, a registration source of information and a common processing in the entire geographical scope, guarantees comparability of results between the different Autonomous Communities.
As there is no common statistical regulation, comparability with the rest of European Union countries depends on their respective legal frameworks as well as the methodology of the research performed in each country.
Time comparisons may be carried out from the base year to reference year 2011. The number of comparable elements in the historical series is 13.
Length of comparable time series CC2= 13
Statistics on Domestic Violence and Gender Violence includes the information of the Central register for the protection of domestic and gender violence victims, regarding matters with interim measures ordered, and to final judgements. Despite having a different approach, there are other sources of information that deal with domestic and gender violence studies (Secretariat of State for Social Services and Equality of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, General Council of the Judiciary (CGJP), etc). In general terms, the results of these sources are considered to be coherent with those obtained by the INE. They do, however, differ as a consequence of their different nature and the methodology applied in each case.
Internal coherence in Statistics on Domestic Violence and Gender Violence is a consequence of the application of the same methodological criteria and a detailed analysis of the possible inconsistencies between their different variables.
The estimation of the budgetary credit necessary to finance these statistics, as set out in the 2024 Annual Programme, comes to a total of 64.98 thousand euros.
The burden on respondents is non-existent, since these statistics are obtained from the information provided by an administrative register.
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
It is not expected to publish provisional results nor revise the published data. The data that is disseminated on these statistics is final.
Not applicable data review in practice, since there is no progress nor interim results.
Average revision rate A6-MAR= Not applicable
Average revision rate A6-RMAR= Not applicable
The source data of these statistics have an administrative nature and are obtained from the Central register for the protection of domestic and gender violence victims, ownership of the Ministry of Justice .
The statistical concepts coincide with the legal concepts.
Data is obtained annually. The Ministry of Justice sends the files to the INE at once, during the first half of the calendar year.
The Ministry of Justice, as the entity responsible for the Register, annually provides the INE with the necessary information so that it may compile these statistics, in accordance with the register design provided by the INE. The information set forth in the files provided correspond to the cases (with the proceedings linked to each case), to the interveners (victims and accused with protective order or interim measures), to the relationship existing between the interveners, the punishable offences imputed, the interim measures ordered, and final judgements. The file does not contain the person's personal data.
In the case of cases initiated, the Ministry of Justice sends the INE the five files extracted from the Register with the following information:
| Procedure file: identifiers of the case and of each of the procedures associated with the case, dates of initiation of both, characterisation of the case (domestic violence, gender violence or mixed), judicial body that has initiated the procedure and location (province and municipality) of the case. |
| File of parties involved: identifiers of the procedure and of the persons who appear in the procedure in cases initiated, country of birth, province of birth, country of nationality, sex, date of birth, and categorisation of the parties involved (if reported, victims, or acquitted). |
| Relationship file: identifiers of the procedure and of the persons, relationship of the victim with the reported, and whether or not they live together. |
| Criminal offences file: identifiers of the procedure and of the persons, crimes or charged misdemeanours. |
| Cautionary measures file: contains identifiers of the procedure and of the persons and cautionary measures ordered. |
In the case of final judgements, the Ministry of Justice sends the INE the five files extracted from the Register–in a similar way to the cases under investigation–with the following information:
| Procedure file: identifiers of the case and of each of the procedures associated with the case, dates of initiation of both, characterisation of the case (domestic violence, gender violence or mixed), judicial body that has initiated the procedure and location (province and municipality) of the case. |
| File of parties involved: identifiers of the procedure and of the persons who appear in the procedure in final judgement, country of birth, province of birth, country of nationality, sex, date of birth, date of finality, and categorisation of the parties involved (if convicted, victims, or acquitted). |
| Relationship file: identifiers of the procedure and of the persons, relationship of the victim with the convicted or acquitted person, and whether or not they live together. |
| Criminal offences file: identifiers of the procedure and of the persons, crimes or misdemeanours charged in a final judgement. |
| Cautionary measures file: contains only procedures in final judgement corresponding to the refere.nce year, identifiers of the procedure and of the persons convicted, penalties and measures (of minors, security and others) in final judgement |
Once the information is received, a control process is carried out to ascertain the coverage of the information and its contents are analysed, with the objective of detecting possible inconsistencies. In addition, a control of the valid values of the different variables object of study is carried out.
Once the validity of the file received is verified, the second phase consists in the recoding and transformation of specific variables (the punishable offences are recoded to the level of title and chapter of the Criminal Code; the measures are grouped, the age is transformed into age groups, the country of birth is grouped into continents ...).
The first proceeding assigned to each matter is selected, due to the fact that it provides the first time the incident occurred (perpetration of the imputed criminal offence) and indexing is carried out among the five files sent, which allow calculating the persons, relationship between the victim and the accused, criminal offences and interim measures.
In a subsequent phase, the inconsistencies among the variables are detected and corrected automatically. Once filtering has concluded, derived variables and results tables are obtained.
The last phase before dissemination of the results consists in analysing the aggregated information and correcting possible errors or inconsistencies not detected in the previous phases.
The processed information comes from an administrative record, and no adjustments are necessary.
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