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Tourist movement on borders

• 1Contact
  • 1.1Contact organisation
    National Statistics Institute of Spain
    
  • 1.5Contact mail address

    Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid

    
    
• 2Metadata update
  • 2.1Metadata last certified
    26/01/2024
  • 2.2Metadata last posted
    03/01/2024
  • 2.3Metadata last update
    26/01/2024
• 3Statistical presentation
  • 3.1Data description

    The Survey for Tourist Movements at Borders and Tourist Spending is a continuous survey, the main objective of which is to provide monthly and annual estimates for the number of non-resident visitors in Spain that come to our country (tourists and hikers), as well as the main characteristics of the trips that are made (entry point, destination, country of residence, reason, method of organisation, expense, …).

  • 3.2Classification system
    • Comunidades Autónomas
      01   Andalucía
      04   Balears, Illes
      05   Canarias
      09   Cataluña
      10   Comunitat Valenciana
      13   Madrid, Comunidad de
      O   Otras Comunicades Autónomas
    • Tipo de visitante
      1   Turista
      2   Excursionista
        .
    • Vías de acceso
      1   Aeropuerto
      2   Carretera
      3   Puerto
      4   Ferrocaril
        .
  • 3.3Sector coverage

    Inbound Tourism: collects the trips made by the non-resident population in Spain.

  • 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
    • Hostel
      In general, hostels are considered to be establishments that offer the public an accommodation service, mainly in shared bedrooms, with or without complementary services, and usually with the possibility of practising some activity related to the surroundings.
    • Make-shift accommodation
      Accommodation in a part of a building not designed for use as a bedroom (hall, corridor, staircase), garage, cave, abandoned car, etc.
    • Rural tourism accommodation
      These are establishments or dwellings intended for tourist accommodation for payment, with or without other complementary services, and which are registered in the corresponding Register of each Autonomous Community. These establishments usually present certain characteristics: a) They are located in a rural environment. b) They are buildings with an architecture that is typical of the region, or they are located on property that maintains agricultural holdings (agrotourism). c) They offer a limited number of bedplaces and bedrooms for guest lodging, and they meet certain basic infrastructure and facility requirements.
    • Alojamiento principal
      Es el tipo de alojamiento en el que se ha pasado el mayor número de noches durante el viaje
    • Alojamiento turístico
      Alojamiento utilizado en un viaje turístico
    • Alojamiento turístico de mercado
      Es aquel alojamiento turístico por el cual se ha realizado un pago por su servicio.
    • Automóvil u otros vehículos compartidos con pago al conductor
      Automóvil u otros vehículos compartidos con pago al conductor: se incluyen en esta categoría los vehículos que se comparten con personas que no formen parte del grupo de viaje, con los que se acuerda el desplazamiento al destino deseado a cambio de un pago efectuado al conductor del vehículo con el que se habrá contactado directamente o a través de intermediarios tipo Blablacar, Uber o similares
    • Campsite
      Group installations in enclosed areas for tents, caravans, bungalows or the like, that provide some services, such as a shop, recreational activities, bar, restaurant or laundromat.
    • Compañía aérea de bajo coste (low cost)
      Son línea aérea que ofrece vuelos a precios muy competitivos, no ofreciendo como incluidos, o vendiendo, la mayoría de los servicios que se pueden ofrecer como complementarios al servicio de transporte aéreo (comidas y bebidas a bordo, reservas de asiento, equipaje,....)
    • Crucero
      Es aquel viaje con fines vacacionales o turísticos, realizado a bordo de un barco de pasajeros a cualquier parte del mundo haciendo escala en destinos intermedios, que proporciona a sus pasajeros todos los servicios propios de un hotel, como alojamiento, manutención, servicio médico, actividades de entretenimiento,....
    • Desplazamientos al centro de estudios
      Son los viajes que realiza un estudiante que se considera residente en la vivienda familiar pero que pernocta con regularidad durante parte de la semana en otro municipio donde está su lugar de estudios
    • Desplazamientos al centro de trabajo
      Son los viajes que realiza un trabajador que se considera residente en la vivienda familiar pero que pernocta con regularidad durante parte de la semana en otro municipio donde está su lugar de trabajo
    • Entorno habitual
      El entorno habitual es el área geográfica formada por zonas no necesariamente contiguas, en las que una persona lleva a acabo habitualmente sus actividades que se determinará sobre la base de los siguientes criterios: el traspaso de fronteras administrativas o la distancia dese el lugar de residencia habitual, la duración de la visita, su frecuencia y el objetivo de la misma
    • Hotel establishments
      Hotel establishments are understood to be those establishments that offer collective accommodation services for payment, with or without other complementary services (hotel, hotel-apartment or apart-hotel, motel, inn, pension, etc.).
    • Etapas de viaje
      Una etapa es cada una de las paradas con pernoctación del viaje. Es decir, un viaje tiene tantas etapas como destinos intermedios en los que se ha pernoctado un número de noches consecutivas.
    • Excursión
      Se considera excursión todo desplazamiento sin pernoctación realizado fuera del entorno habitual de la persona y que tenga como punto de partida el entorno habitual de la misma.
    • Gasto medio diario por persona
      Es el gasto que resulta al dividir el gasto total entre el número de pernoctaciones del viaje.
    • Gasto turístico
      Suma pagada por la adquisición de bienes y servicios de consumo y de objetos valiosos, para uso propio o para regalar, antes y durante los viajes turísticos.
    • Habitación en alquiler en casa particular
      Habitaciones alquiladas dentro de una vivienda particular, incluyan o no servicios de limpieza, comida, etc.
    • Household according to residence criterion
      A human group formed by one or more persons who regularly reside in a family dwelling for the entire year or most of it. There does not necessarily have to be kinship relations among the members of the group.
    • Household Member
      The conditions established in order to determine whether or not a person is a member of the household endeavour to avoid the possibility of a single individual being classified in more than one household or, conversely, not being classified in any.
      
      Requirements for being a household member are:
      
      - To normally reside in the dwelling: a person normally resides in a dwelling if he or she spends most of his or her daily rest in said dwelling.
      - To share the household expenses: this means profiting from expenses (children, persons with no income, etc.) and/or contributing to the income. If expenses are not shared, the person constitutes a separate household at the same address.
    • Motivo principal del viaje
      Se define el motivo principal del viaje como el motivo sin el cual el viaje no habría tenido lugar
    • Paquete turístico
      Reserva previa del viaje que incluye al menos alojamiento y transporte, aunque alguno de estos dos elementos puede ser reemplazado por cualquier otro servicio que suponga una cantidad significativa del precio total del viaje (visitas organizadas, alquiler de coche, etc.) y que ha sido vendida a un precio global indivisible a través de agencia de viajes o turoperador.
    • Resident population
      The population resident in a given geographical scope is defined as those persons who, on the reference date, have established their usual residence therein.
    • Usual residence
      Place where a person normally spends rest periods, not taking into account temporary absences due to leisure trips, holidays, visits to family and friends, business, visiting friends or relatives or religious pilgrimages. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that only usual residents in a region will be considered:
      
      - Those who, according to the previous definition, would usually have lived therein for a continuous period of at least 12 months.
      
      - Those who, according to the previous definition, would have established their usual residence therein less than 12 months ago, but with the intention of remaining therein for at least one year.
      
      Where the above circumstances cannot be established, "usual residence" shall mean the place of registered residence.
    • Tren de alta velocidad
      Es un tren que alcanza velocidades superiores a 200Km/h sobre líneas existentes actualizadas, y 250 Km/h sobre líneas específicamente diseñadas para tal efecto.
    • Turismo cultural
      Son los viajes realizados con el fin principal de conocer los aspectos culturales (museos, patrimonio histórico o artístico, etc.) que ofrece determinado destino turístico, ya sea un pueblo o una ciudad.
    • Turismo de compras
      Son los viajes realizados con el principal objetivo de efectuar compras de bienes o servicios para uso personal, regalos, etc. que no sean adquiridos para su reventa posterior o para su incorporación en un proceso productivo.
    • Turismo de naturaleza
      Son viajes cuya principal motivación es la realización de actividades recreativas, de esparcimiento, interpretación, conocimiento o deportivas en el medio natural.
    • Turismo de sol y playa
      Son los viajes a lugares situados en la costa con el propósito de disfrutar de las playas y del clima con el fin principal de descansar y relajarse; así como disfrutar de la oferta de restauración y el ambiente de ocio de la zona
    • Turismo deportivo.
      Son los viajes cuyo fin principal es practicar algún tipo de deporte (esquí, vela, golf, caza, pesca, senderismo, escalada, etc.) ya sea por libre o para participar en alguna competición de forma no profesional (ligas escolares, regionales, etc.)
    • Turismo gastronómico.
      Son los viajes cuya motivación principal sea de tipo culinario, como experimentar la gastronomía de determinada región, visitar determinado restaurante, catas, rutas gastronómicas, etc.
    • Turismo termal y de bienestar
      Son los viajes realizados con el propósito principal de disfrutar de estancias en balnearios, centros de talasoterapia u otros centros especializados para recibir masajes, tratamientos de belleza o de salud (adelgazamiento, desintoxicación, etc) cuando no sean por prescripción facultativa
    • Turista
      Persona que realiza un viaje turístico con al menos una pernoctación.
    • Viaje
      Desplazamiento fuera del municipio de residencia, por cualquier motivo, en el que se pernocta al menos una noche y que finaliza en el periodo de referencia
    • Viaje turístico
      Se consideran viajes turísticos todos aquellos desplazamientos a un destino principal fuera del entorno de residencia habitual de la persona, que impliquen al menos una pernoctación fuera del mencionado entorno y tengan una duración inferior a un año, siempre que el principal motivo del mismo, incluidos negocios, ocio u otros motivos personales, sea distinto de un empleo en una empresa establecida en el lugar visitado.
    • Viajes de ocio, recreo, vacaciones.
      Son los viajes realizados para visitar lugares de interés turístico, ya sean enclaves naturales, patrimonio cultural, ciudades, etc.; la asistencia a eventos deportivos o culturales; los viajes orientados a la práctica no profesional de un deporte; ir a la playa, piscinas o a cualquier instalación de entretenimiento y recreo; los cruceros; los viajes a casinos; asistencia a campamentos de verano; descanso; lunas de miel, viajes gastronómicos, a balnearios spas u otros establecimientos especializados en tratamientos de relax y belleza o de "puesta a punto" siempre que no sean prescritos como tratamiento médico; estancias en viviendas vacacionales propias, cedidas o alquiladas, etc.
    • Viajes por incentivos
      Son viajes organizados y pagados por una empresa en recompensa a sus empleados, en los que estos realizan actividades de deporte, ocio o recreo
    • Viajes por motivos profesionales
      Viajes realizados para atender actividades de trabajo o negocios.
    • Viajes por motivos religiosos o peregrinaciones
      Son los viajes realizados para participar en actos, encuentros u otras citas de carácter religioso distintas de las celebraciones familiares o de amigos, las peregrinaciones (por ejemplo el Camino de Santiago, peregrinaciones a Lourdes, Fátima, Jerusalén, la Meca,...) y la asistencia a romerías como el Rocío, a procesiones de Semana Santa, etc. cuando se realicen con una motivación religiosa.
    • Viajes por tratamiento de salud
      Son los viajes realizados para acudir a consulta o recibir tratamiento (ambulatorio o no) en hospitales, centros de salud, clínicas u otros servicios de salud o instituciones sociales; estancias en balnearios, centros de talasoterapia u otros centros especializados para recibir tratamientos médicos o quirúrgicos por prescripción facultativa, incluyendo cirugía estética realizada por profesionales médicos.
    • Visitante
      Persona que viaja a un destino principal distinto al de su entorno habitual, por una duración inferior a un año, con cualquier finalidad principal (ocio, negocios u otro motivo personal) que no sea ser empleado por una entidad residente en el país o lugar visitado. Estos viajes realizados por los visitantes se consideran viajes turísticos.
    • Visitas a familiares o amigos
      Son los viajes realizados con el fin de visitar a familiares y amigos, asistir a bautizos, comuniones, bodas, funerales u otros acontecimientos familiares; para visitar amigos o familiares en el hospital, o para asumir temporalmente el cuidado de niños, mayores o enfermos (sin recibir una remuneración por ello).
    • Dwelling
      Structurally separate and independent building that, due to the way in which it was built, rebuilt, transformed or adapted, is conceived to be inhabited by persons, or even if was not initially conceived as such, constitutes the regular residence of one or more persons during the reference period of the Statistical Operation. As an exception, the following are not considered dwellings: those buildings that, despite having been initially conceived for human inhabitation, at the time of the Statistical Operation are totally dedicated to other purposes (for example, those that are being used solely as locales, such as a doctor's office or an attorney's office).
    • Group dwelling
      Dwelling designed to be inhabited by a group of persons subjected to a common authority or scheme that is not based on family ties or specific coexistence schemes. The group dwelling may only partially occupy a building, or more frequently, the entirety of the building.
    • Vivienda de uso compartido (Multipropiedad)
      Corresponde al derecho de aprovechamiento por turno de bienes inmuebles de uso turístico, por ejemplo un apartamento en la costa que se compra en un régimen especial por el que se adquiere el derecho a usarlo sólo seis meses al año mientras que otro propietario lo usará los otros seis meses; ésa sería una vivienda en multipropiedad.
    • Family dwelling
      A dwelling designed to be inhabited by one person or more who do not constitute a group, regardless of the links between them.
    • Non-conventional family dwelling or accommodation
      Family dwelling that presents the particular feature of being mobile, semi-permanent or improvised, or that was not initially conceived for residential purposes, but which, however, constitutes the residence of one or more persons at the reference time of the Statistical Operation
    • Main family dwelling
      A family dwelling is considered main when it is used all or most part of the year as the regular residence.
  • 3.5Statistical unit

    The analysis units are the travellers, visitors (tourists and hikers), trips and day trips.

  • 3.6Statistical population

    The population subject to study consists of:

    • Non-residents in Spain who enter or leave our country whether they have stayed overnight or not.
    • Non-residents in Spain that pass through our country in transit.
  • 3.7Reference area

    The sample is collected from the main entry points for the non-resident travellers, both by road, airports, ports and railway.

  • 3.8Time coverage

    Monthly information is available since October 2015. The information with the methodology from the surveys conducted by TURESPAÑA can be consulted on the organisation's website. (https://www.tourspain.es/en-us)

  • 3.9Base period

    2015

• 4Unit of measure
  • 4.1Unit of measure

    Visitors (tourists and same day visitors)

• 5Reference period
  • 5.1Reference period

    Month

    Data referred to the period: Mensual A: 2023 MES: 11

• 6Institutional mandate
  • 6.1Legal acts and other agreements

    The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15  December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).

    
    

    .

  • 6.2Data sharing
    The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
    

    In the framework of the agreement for the transfer of the skills concerning these TURESPAÑA operations to the INE, a clause is included for the exchange of information.

• 7Confidentiality
  • 7.1Confidentiality - policy

    The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society

    
    
  • 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
    INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    

    In the case of this survey, information that identifies the interviewees is never asked.

• 8Release policy
  • 8.1Release calendar

    The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.

    
    
  • 8.2Release calendar access

    The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)

    
    
  • 8.3User access

    The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice

    
    
• 9Frequency of dissemination
  • 9.1Frequency of dissemination

    The diffusion frequency is monthly.

• 10Accessibility and clarity
  • 10.1News release

    The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web

    
    
  • 10.2Publications

    The results from the survey are published each month on the INE website using microdata tables and files.

  • 10.3On-line database

    INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.

    
    

    All of the information from the survey is available on the INEbase / Services / Hotel industry and tourism as well as at the following link: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176996&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576863

  • 10.4Micro-data access
    A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
    

    On the website https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176996&menu=resultados&secc=1254736195382&idp=1254735576863 the monthly anonymous microdata trip files can be downloaded for free. In these files categories have been added for some variables.

  • 10.5Other

    There is the option to request customised information from the INE User Service Department (https://www.ine.es/prodyser/informacion). Limitations for confidentiality or accuracy are taken into account when processing the said requests.

  • 10.6Documentation on methodology

    The methodology can be consulted on the INE website, as well as a transcription copy of the electronic survey. Also available for users is a guide for the handling of the micro-data files.

    Link to website: https://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco42/frontur/frontur_egatur_metodologia_en.pdf

  • 10.7Quality documentation

    These statistical operations are not governed by European regulations or standards, meaning that no quality reports for them need to be submitted to Eurostat.

    Sections 10.6 to 17 of this document are the quality report aimed at the user of these operations.

• 11Quality management
  • 11.1Quality assurance

    Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.

    
    

    The concepts used in FRONTUR and EGATUR surveys are consistent with the International Recommendations of the World Tourism Organisation from 2008, as well as with what is established in the Regulation 692/2001, in relation with European statistics for tourism, although it is not seen to be directly affected by it. Internationally recognised good practices have been implemented in the production process, like the grading of different sources of information in order to have an integrated system of statistical information in the scope of tourism. The electronic survey includes a series of controls in order to guarantee coherence and consistency in the information gathered which, subsequently, is subject to a micro- and macro-purification process. In the process for the processing of information outliers are detected and dealt with and an allocation of some of the variables is made. In the calculation of the raising factors grading techniques are applied with the aim to guarantee the coherence of the different statistical sources of information, as well as to reduce possible biases.

  • 11.2Quality assessment

    The Survey for Tourist Movements at Borders and Tourist Spending is the result of the inclusion and methodological updating of FRONTUR and EGATUR. In the revision process a work group was formed that carried out a diagnosis of the operations, proposing a series of improvement actions which, on the whole, have been applied to the theoretical design of this new project, such as the calibration with occupancy surveys or the incorporation of adjustments based on additional sources where the passenger file by nationality provided by the Police General Directorate is the most relevant case. 

• 12Relevance
  • 12.1User needs

    The main users are the administration organisms with tourist expertise both nationally and on an autonomous or municipal scale, as well as the statistical institutes or offices of the autonomous communities. The Bank of Spain and international organisms like Eurostat or the OMT are also notable users. In the main operators of the private sector there is also a large interest in the behaviour of the inbound tourism in our country, due to the importance in our economy.

  • 12.2User satisfaction

    The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013,  2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...

    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click  next link)

     

    
    

    The opinion of the main users has been taken into account throughout the methodological revision process of these statistical operations.

  • 12.3Completeness

    These statistical operations are not governed by any European regulations, meaning that the thoroughness cannot be measured depending on the coverage that it offers. However, they do give a response for the needs of information required by the OMT and the Bank of Spain.

    On the other hand, it provides 100% of the results requested in the National Statistical Plan:

    R1=100%

• 13Accuracy and reliability
  • 13.1Overall accuracy

    The application of grading techniques allows the correction, to a great extent, of the biases that can be presented when interviewing the travellers in airport and port waiting lounges or the difficulty in collecting information at the border points of roads.

    It is not possible to calculate sampling and not-sampling errors due to the survey characteristics. For this reason, the direct measure of accuracy is not considered possible. The main tool to study the accuracy is analyse the reviews (see 17.2). Reviews show the proximity level between successive estimates in the same value. The size of the reviews is an accuracy indicator, so it is reasonable to assume that estimators converge to the real value when they are based on better and more reliable data.

  • 13.2Sampling error

    Due to the lack of a prior framework from which the sample is chosen, the sampling errors cannot be calculated following the use of traditional techniques.

  • 13.3Non-sampling error

    Not available

     

• 14Timeliness and punctuality
  • 14.1Timeliness

    It is anticipated that the results will be published, generally, 32 days after the completion of the reference month, that is t+32.

    In the case of definitive data, the revision and publication of definitive data is made in march of year t+1. In other words, January definitive data is published in t+397 and December definitive data in t+62.

    Therefore:

    TP1 = 32 days;

    TP2 = 231 days annual average

  • 14.2Punctuality

    The publication calendar is complied with. TP3=0

• 15Coherence and Comparability
  • 15.1Comparability - geographical

    The same methodology is followed throughout the whole national territory. By following the International Recommendations of the World Tourism Organisation from 2008 the information is comparable with the rest of the countries that adapt to these recommendations.

  • 15.2Comparability - over time

    In October 2015 a new series that breaks with what was published by Turespaña begins. Throughout the first twelve months a provisional link will be published for the main aggregates, which will be able to be revised once the information for the whole year is available.

    Therefore: CC2=98 months 

     

  • 15.3Coherence - cross domain

    The Occupancy in Tourist Accommodation Surveys provide information about the non-residents that spend a night in regulated accommodation. The information available in these surveys has been used, making a series of adjustments, as supplementary information in the grading of the raising factors, thus improving the comparability of results.

    The basic concepts and definitions are those of the International Recommendations of the World Tourism Organisation from 2008.

    These operations are also consistent with the concepts and definitions of the Tourism Survey for Residents.

  • 15.4Coherence - internal

    The estimates have complete internal coherence.

• 16Cost and burden
  • 16.1Cost and burden

    The estimate of the necessary budget appropriation included in the Annual Programme 2024, so as to finance the statistic FRONTUR is 1,525.78  thousand euros

    No information is available on the burden of the people who provide the information.

• 17Data revision
  • 17.1Data revision - policy

    The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).

    This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow:  routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.

    
    

    Administrative data, which is revised, is used for these surveys. For this reaseon, there are a revision of the data.

    Therefore, there will be a publication of provisional estimates that are subsequently revised.

  • 17.2Data revision - practice

    (MAR): 12,235 tourists (average value data 2017-2018-2019-2020-2021-2022)

    (RMAR): 0.24% tourists (average value data 2017-2018-2019-2020-2021-2022)

    The revision is done at t+12 months for January.

• 18Statistical processing
  • 18.1Source data

    These surveys have the peculiarity that they are not based on a directory or framework from which a sampling design and choice of samples can be carried out as is traditionally done.

    Diverse administrative sources are used to create a universe of people that enter Spain by means of different entry points:

    • Road: bollard files and cameras of the General Management of Traffic and a sampling operation of seating.
    • Airport: files for expected flights and flights made by AECFA and AENA, respectively.
    • Ports, files with travellers boarding and disembarking at each port.
    • Railway: file with the monthly number of travellers transported on the different international railway lines.

    We must take into account the entry points used by travellers entering Spain; that is, road border points, airports with international flights, seaports and railway lines         originating from foreign countries. Next, we must select the vehicles, flights, ships and trains (road, airport, port and railway, respectively) and, finally, the people travelling by these means.

    For each ones of these means of transport a stratification is carried out according to the survey points, country of destination for the means of transport, day of the week… and depending on the flows of previous years, a number FRONTUR surveys have been established that are to be conducted at each survey point and each month. A sub-sample is selected from the FRONTUR sample, depending on the type of traveller and their country of residence, who shall answer the EGATUR questionnaire.

    The annual theoretical sizes, by means of transport, are:

    	FRONTUR	EGATUR
    Road	85,142	29,800
    Airport	313,671	83,474
    Port	41,285	12,386
    Rail	10,720	1,501

  • 18.2Frequency of data collection

    Data is collected on a monthly basis. The surveys are distributed throughout the whole months at the different types of entry points for the means of transport.

  • 18.3Data collection

    All of the interviews are conducted in person (CAPI) assisted by an electronic device where the information being collected is recorded in real time.

    The survey can be consulted on the INE website.

  • 18.4Data validation

    The electronic survey includes a series of internal validation controls in order to guarantee the coherence in the information gathered which, subsequently, is subject to a centralised micro-purification process.

    Given the special characteristics of this survey, it is not feasible that the interviewee makes contact once they have left our country.

  • 18.5Data compilation

    A series of processes are applied to the filtered information that allow the final information to be calculated. These processes are listed below and can be consulted in the survey methodology:

    • Construction of the Frontur raising framework.
    • Processing of the total non-response in Frontur.
    • Detection and treatment of outliers of overnight stays.
    • Calculation of the Frontur raising factors, using expansion estimators.
    • Construction of the Frontur raising framework.
    • Processing of the total non-response in Egatur.
    • Calculation and grading of the Egatur raising factors.
    • Estimates of the Egatur levels of spending using estimate procedures assisted by models (includes the processing of outliers and the processing of partial non-response).
  • 18.6Adjustment

    No seasonal adjustments are made.

• 19Comment
  • 19.1Comment

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